六種植物吸收重金屬之植生復育法研究

Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal by Six Plants

吳翊豪(Yi-Hao Wu)

指導教授 ： 王順成

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究為篩選較高吸收量重金屬之台灣常見植物，並探討螯合劑EDTA是否增加植物吸收重金屬之能力，利用植生復育技術整治受重金屬污染之土壤，以採自彰化縣和美東西二圳污染區，砷、鎘、銅、汞、鎳、鋅含量偏高，其中銅、鋅達到毒害級之土壤，利用盆栽試驗統計分析植物中水分含量、生質量、重金屬含量，並分析土壤基本性質、土壤中重金屬含量，探討供試植物對於重金屬吸收情形以及EDTA是否增加植物吸收重金屬能力。結果顯示青葙、佛甲草、伽藍菜、蕎麥、黑麥、節花路蓼皆可在高濃度重金屬下生長並吸收重金屬，六種供試作物中，青葙的水分含量最低，伽藍菜的生質量最大，六種供試作物對六種重金屬的吸收能力趨勢為：鋅>鎳>銅>鉻>鎘>鉛。添加EDTA能幫助青葙與蕎麥吸收土壤中重金屬，且不會抑制其生長，六種供試植物中，以黑麥草吸收重金屬能力最佳，且黑麥草有生長快速，種子播種等優點，如進行土壤復育以黑麥草可行性較高。

關鍵字

乙二胺四乙酸 ； 佛甲草 ； 伽藍菜 ； 節花路蓼 ； 植生復育 ； 黑麥草 ； 蕎麥 ； 青葙 ； 重金屬

並列摘要

Heavy metal phytoremediation techniques are especially useful tool that are limited to surface layer of soil in Taiwan. Chelating agent are frequently used to increase the bioavailability of heavy metal, Thus enhancing their uptake by plants. Although this may also decrease their biomass. These effects need to be further investigated especially in Taiwan environments when phytoremediation technique that been little used.
This study was design to explore the use of six native plants species along with EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) chelating agent for phytoremediation of soil of Chunghwa heavy metal contamination area.
The effects of a range of parameter such as basic characteristic of treated soil, water content, biomass of treated plants, and heavy metal content in treated plants were studied. The six native plants species including Celosia argentea L. , Sedum formosanum N.E. Br., Kalanchoe laciniata (Linn.) DC. , Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Lolium perenne ,and Polygonum plebeium R. Br. were chosen for indicator plants with test.
A greenhouse pot experiment and a laboratory leaching columm experimemt to study the EDTA enhancement and phytoextration of heavy metal during the phytoremediation process.The treated soil was taken from the Chunghua irrigation wastewater channel. The soil was high concentration in As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn, especially in Cu and Zn content by chemical analysis. The result revealed that all six treated plants could survive in high heavy metal contaminated soil. Celosia argentea L. have lowed water content in all treated plants. Kalanchoe laciniata (Linn.) possessed the highest biomass in all treated plants. The sequence of uptake ability of heavy metal in tested plants from contamination soil were Zn> Ni> Cu> Cr> Cd> Pb . The EDTA chelating addition on
Celosia argentea L. and Fagopyrum esculentum Moench in heavy metal contamination soil, enhancement of Ni and Cr, Ni uptake, respectively.
The addition of EDTA in Lolium perenne showed no synergistic uptake effect of heavy metal in contamination soil.
In conclusion, Lolium perenne possessed the fast plant growth and seeding in phytoremediation process. Lolium perenne seems be a high potential ability for heavy metal uptake from contamination soil in all these tested plants.

並列關鍵字

Sedum formosanum N.E. Br. ； Fagopyrum esculentum Moench ； Kalanchoe laciniata (Linn.) DC. ； Polygonum plebeium R. Br. ； Celosia argentea L. ； Lolium perenne ； EDTA ； phytoremediation ； Heavy metal

參考文獻

陳立軒、蕭伊琳、林啓文，評估以HCl與EDTA處理受重金屬污染土壤之效率研究，科學與工程技術期刊，第二卷，第四期，第39-44頁(2006)。

張俊鴻，以EDTA、藻酸鈉對砷鉻污染土壤萃取效率之研究，碩士論文，國立中央大學環境工程研究所，桃園(2006)。

Alloway, B. J., Heavy Metal in Soils, 2nd ed, John Wiley & Sons, New York(1995).

Ajwa, H. A., Banuelos, G. S., and Mayland, H. F., Selenium uptake by plants from soils amended with inorganic and organic materials, Journal of Envirnment Quality, Vol.27, pp.1218-1227(1998).

Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D., and Hajar, A. S., Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in British populations of the metallophyte, Thlaspi caerulescens J. & C. Presl (Brassicaceae), New Phytol, Vol.127, pp.61-68(1994).