兩岸交通事故補償基金之比較與分析

兩岸道路交通事故補償基金制度，在制度設計上堅持以人為本原則，充分表現國家和社會對國民生命安全和健康的救助，乃是一種社會保障制度，此項制度乃為保護因發生交通事故而《強制責任保險》制度無法發揮作用時，為受害人提供補償。本文將針對台灣在民國八十七年一月一日，所實施的交通事故特別補償基金(以下簡稱“特補基金”)及大陸在2009年10月由財政部、保監會、公安部、等五個部委聯合發布《道路交通事故社會救助基金管理試行辦法》(以下簡稱《試行辦法》)，所提到的交通事故社會救助基金(以下簡稱“救助基金”)。最後發現兩岸交通事故補償基金制度，最大的不同乃立法上的不同，大陸由國家制訂道路交通事故社會救助基金制度，但大陸各省市需要自行設立管理辦法或實施細則，立法上考量各地經濟發展不一，是較於台灣特別補償基金制度較為不同的部分，大陸各省道路交通事故社會救助基金來源較為多元；補償限額台灣特別補償基金規定較為妥當依照強制險規定從之；補償對象台灣特別補償基金更將事故汽車係未經被保險人同意使用或管理之被保險汽車納入補償對象；基金追償大陸救助基金未擁有法人地位，容易產生追償行政延遲等問題。

關鍵字

強制責任保險；救助基金；特補基金

並列摘要

The compensation systems for traffic accidents in Taiwan and China are fundamentally designed for the public’s needs.The systems offering financial relief fully demonstrate how people’s lives, safety and health are valued by the governments and societies across the Strait. Social protection for the citizens is accordingly provided by way of the systems. When the “Compulsory Liability Insurance” policies are unable to work well for providing people sufficient protection upon dealing with traffic accidents, the above mentioned compensation systems can serve as a source of remedy for the victims. The Compensation Fund for Vehicle Accidents (hereinafter referred to as “Special Compensation Fund”) was first officially implemented in Taiwan on January 1, 1998. In China, the Ministry of Finance, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, the Ministry of Public Security and another two authorities jointly announced the promulgation of the “Trial Measures of Managing Social Relief Funds for Road Vehicle Accidents” (hereinafter referred to as “the Trial Measures”) in October 2009.Finally discovered both banks Compensation Fund for Vehicle Accidents, the biggest difference is the difference which legislates, the mainland rescues the fund system by the national making road traffic accident society, but mainland various provinces and cities need independently to set up the policing method or the executive regulation, in the legislation consider each place economy development not to be dissimilar, is specially compensates a fund system more different part in Taiwan, the mainland various provinces road traffic accident society rescues the fund to originate multi-dimensional; Compensation quota Taiwan compensates the fund stipulation to be appropriate specially according to the compulsion danger stipulation from it; Compensation object Taiwan compensates the fund the accident automobile department without the insured to agree specially the use or the management insured of automobile integrates the compensation object; The fund additional compensation mainland rescue fund has not had the status of legal person, easy to have questions and so on additional compensation administration detention.