北部地區細懸浮微粒化學成份及來源貢獻暨民眾細懸浮微粒暴露之研究

Investigation of Fine Particle Compssition, Source Contribution and Human Exposure of Fine Particle in Northern Taiwan

薛智遠(Chih-Yuan Hsueh)

指導教授 ： 楊錫賢

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究於2009年6月至2011年3月解析北部地區不同季節大氣懸浮微粒質量濃度，採集之樣品進行金屬元素、水溶性離子、含碳量分析，並應用CMB模式解析推估北部地區PM2.5貢獻污染源。另一方面，以粒狀物空氣監測儀於交通要道、背景 (郊區)、交通通勤與室內等四種不同特性位置進行PM2.5即時濃度量測。研究結果顯示交通要道尖峰時段，路口1、路口2及路口3 PM2.5 測值分別為非尖峰時段之1.30、1.35與1.19倍。交通通勤部份，量測搭乘機車、汽車-開窗、公車、捷運與汽車-關窗測值，尖峰時段分別為非尖峰時段之1.94、1.26、1.23、1.16與1.02倍。室內部份，公車轉運站-等候區、公車轉運站-售票處、地下街、辦公大樓、車站大廳與百貨公司尖峰時段測值分別為非尖峰時段之1.04、1.13、1.16、1.12、1.05與1.26倍，顯示一般民眾於尖峰時段確實暴露於較高濃度之PM2.5。
本研究於2009年與2010年期間監測北部地區季節性大氣懸浮微粒質量濃度，結果顯示2009年與2010年冬末春初期間大氣懸浮微粒質量濃度比夏季與秋季期間高。化學組成方面，微粒中之金屬元素以Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg與Na所含濃度最高為主要金屬元素。水溶性離子佔微粒比例多寡依順序為SO42-，其次為NH4+，而後為NO3-。含碳量部份，總碳於化學成份中佔相當大的比例約8.32 ~ 71.3 %，應用CMB模式解析北部地區季節性PM2.5貢獻污染源，綜觀北部地區季節性PM2.5貢獻污染源以機動車輛貢獻量最大，其次為街道揚塵，而後為硫酸銨。海鹽飛沫貢獻量以靠近沿海地區之萬里測點影響最為顯著。工業燃燒與營造貢獻量對不同地區測點大氣懸浮微粒仍具有一定的貢獻。

關鍵字

懸浮微粒 ； 化學組成 ； 受體模式-CMB ； 交通要道 ； 交通通勤 ； 室內

並列摘要

PM2.5 samples were collected at northern Taiwan during June, 2009 and March, 2011 in this study. The concentrations of metals, ions and carbon content were analyzed. Chemical mass balance (CMB) model was applied for the apportionment of PM2.5 source contribution. In addition, PM2.5 mass concentrations at traffic intersections, suburban areas, indoor environments and four various commuting equipment were measured to assess PM2.5 exposures. The results show that average PM2.5 concentrations at traffic intersections in peak hour are about 1.30, 1.35 and 1.19 times higher than in non-peak hour. For the commuters, PM2.5 exposure concentrations for commuting by scooter, automobile (open window), bus, MRT and automobile (close window) at peak hour are 1.94, 1.26, 1.23, 1.16 and 1.02 times higher than non-peak hour. In indoor environment, PM2.5 concentrations at bus station-waiting area, bus station-ticketing area, underground street, office building, train station and department store in peak hour are about 1.94, 1.26, 1.23, 1.16 and 1.02 times higher than non-peak hour. The results show that human expose to high PM2.5 concentration in peak hour.
PM2.5 mass concentration in the end of winter and the early of spring are higher than summer and fall. Al, Ca, Fe, K, Ma and Na are predominated in metal. Water solution ions account for most PM2.5 mass and the ion concentrations are highest for SO42-. For carbon content, total carbon account for 8.32 ~ 71.3% PM2.5 mass. The CMB results show atmospheric PM2.5 are mainly contributed for motor vehicles, then for street dust and ammonium sulfate. For Wanli site, sea salt spray is the most significant contributor of PM2.5. Industrial plants and construction sites are also PM2.5 contributors.

並列關鍵字

Particulate matter ； Chemical composition ； Receptor model-CMB ； Traffic intersection ； Commute ； Indoor

參考文獻

論文，國立成功大學環境工程學系，台南 (2003)。

Concentrations and Composition of and Exposure to Fine Particles

pp. 5059-5066 (2005).

“Source Apportionment of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter in a

Environment, Vol. 39, pp. 3127-3138 (2005).