活性碳管柱吸附金屬與氨氮之研究

Metals and ammonia adsorption in an activated carbon fixed bed column

趙子維(Tzu-Wei Chao)

指導教授 ： 羅煌木

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/環境工程與管理系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本研究探討活性碳管柱吸附金屬與氨氮之效率研究，金屬包括鈣、鎂、鉀、鈉、鎘、鉻、銅、鎳、鉛、鋅。金屬進流濃度各為1、10與100 mg/L三種濃度，而氨氮進流濃度則為5與10 mg/L兩種濃度。管柱深為25公分，內徑為2公分，每一床體體為78.5立方公分。進流流量為25毫升/分。吸附環境條件為pH 7與25℃。活性碳特性FTIR分析結果顯示其含有O-H官能基，具吸附金屬與氨氮之潛勢。污染物吸附實驗結果顯示，較低進流濃度之污染物(1 mg/L)需較高之床體積達鉋和。Adam’s–Bohart model對於重金屬部分模擬效果較佳，如鉻 (1 mg/L時R2為0.92、10 mg/L時R2為0.91)、鎳 (1 mg/L時R2為0.95、10 mg/L時R2為0.94、100 mg/L時R2為0.96)等，Thomas model 對於氨氮等有較佳的模擬效果(1 mg/L時R2為0.7、10 mg/L時R2為0.89)，The Yoon–Nelson model則是對鹼性金屬鈣與鎂有較佳的模擬效果，如鈣(1 mg/L時R2為0.92)、鎂 (1 mg/L時R2為0.78、10 mg/L時R2為0.76)。KAB和KTH值在本實驗條件下，其值會隨進流濃度增加而降低，飽和濃度(N0)值與每克活性碳吸附量(q0)則隨進流濃度增加升高，KYN值則是隨進流濃度提升而升高，活性碳吸附達50%之時間(τ)則會下降。複合污染物其鹼性金屬部分與活性碳吸附效果為鉀>鎂，重金屬部分則是鋅>鎳>鎘>鉻>銅>鉛。

關鍵字

Thomas model ； The Yoon–Nelson model ； 吸附 ； 氨氮 ； 金屬 ； Adam’s–Bohart model

並列摘要

This study aims at investigating the adsorption of metals and ammonia by activated carbon. Tested metals includes Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Tested influent metals contained three various levels of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L while ammonia levels contained 5 and 10 mg/L respectively. The size of adsorption column was 25 cm height and 2 cm diameter. Thus, the bed volume of adsorption column was 78.5 cm3. Influent volume was 25 cm3/min and the pH and temperature were operated at 7 and 25℃ respectively. FTIR analysis showed that O-H function groups had the potential to uptake the metals and ammonia. Adsorption results showed that lower levels (1 mg/L) of contaminants had a higher bed volume to reach the adsorption equilibrium. Adam''s-Bohart model simulation was better for some heavy metals such as Cr (1 mg/L, R2 is 0.92 and 10 mg/L, R2 is 0.91), Ni (1 mg/L, R2 is 0.95 and 10 mg/L, R2 is 0.94 and 100 mg/L, R2 is 0.96). Thomas model showed a better simulation for ammonia (1 mg/L, R2 is 0.7 and 10 mg/L, R2 is 0.89). The Yoon-Nelson model showed a better simulation for alkaline metals Ca (1 mg/L the R2 is 0.92) and Mg (1 mg/L, R2 is 0.78 and 10 mg/L, R2 is 0.76). In addition, KAB and KTH decreased as the influent concentrations increased while N0 and q0 increased as the influent concentrations increased. KYN increased as the influent concentrations increased while τ decreased as the influent concentrations increased. Results showed that activated carbon adsorption efficiency was Ca>Mg while that of heavy metal was Zn> Ni> Cd> Cr> Cu> Pb.

並列關鍵字

Adsorption ； The Yoon–Nelson model ； Adam’s–Bohart model ； Ammonia ； Metals ； Thomas model

參考文獻

1. Ahmad, B., and Hameed, H., “Fixed-bed adsorption of reactive azo dye onto granular activated carbon prepared from waste,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.175 pp.298–303 (2010).

2. Babel, S., and Kurniawan, T.A., “Cr(VI) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan,” Chemosphere, Vol. 54 pp. 951-967(2004).

4. Bhatnagar, A., and Sillanpaa, M., “Utilization of agro-industrial and municipal waste materials as potential adsorbents for water treatment—A review,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 157 pp. 277–296(2010).

5. Bhatnagar, A., and Sillanpaa, M., “Utilization of agro-industrial and municipal waste materials as potential adsorbents for water treatment—A review,” Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 157, pp. 277-296(2010).

6. Girods, P., Dufour, A., Fierrob, V., Rogaume, Y., Rogaume, C., Zoulalian, A., and Celzard, A., “Activated carbons prepared from wood particleboard wastes：Characterisation and phenol adsorption capacities,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol.166 pp.491–501(2009).