醫檢實驗室試劑耗材管理及需求預測資訊系統

Reagents and Consumables Management and Demand Forecasting Information System of Medical Laboratory

賴仕杰(Shih-Chieh Lai)

指導教授 ： 呂慈純

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊管理系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

醫事檢驗的目的是為了幫助人們找出可能引起發病的原因，並且協助醫生作為治療疾病的判斷，因此醫事檢驗在醫療行為裡是一項非常重要的步驟。為了維持檢驗工作正常運行，保證檢驗的品質不受影響之外，管理試劑耗材庫存也是一個不可或缺的基礎工作，但是要如何有效的管理種類繁多、包裝規則複雜的試劑，對於從事檢驗工作的人員，是一大考驗。本研究合作之檢驗實驗室目前以人工方式進行採購及庫存管理作業，不但耗時費力也容易出錯，並且無法即時掌握庫存量，導致檢驗試劑庫存管理作業複雜、耗費人力等問題。
　　針對目前實驗室所面臨的問題，本研究設計一套以檢驗試劑耗材為主的線上管理資訊系統，以電腦系統取代繁雜的訂貨、驗收、入出庫、盤點等人工作業，並搭配條碼掃描器及條碼印製機進行管理；試劑耗材入出庫時，只須利用條碼即可完成入出庫作業，電腦可同時儲存執行紀錄，減少文書處理時間，預防人為庫存作業管理不當引發之問題；系統也會自動提供各種警告與提示訊息，以減少錯誤發生。
　　再者，試劑耗材的需求量會因季節、地理位置、不同醫院組別等因素而有變化，如何協助採購人員精確的預測試劑耗材用量，也是本研究另一項任務。實驗室目前並無相關的預測系統，採購訂藥完全憑醫檢人員的經驗。常常有新手負責訂購，採購數量過多，造成存貨積壓，導致試劑過期報廢；或是忘記某個時節某些特定試劑用量會爆增，導致庫存缺貨不足，使得整個檢驗工作停擺等問題。因此本研究發展一套檢驗試劑耗材需求預測系統，以過去試劑消耗的歷史資料做為基礎，結合廖岳祥等學者所提出之預測模型，計算出各項檢驗試劑的需求量。

關鍵字

相關係數 ； 二次指數平滑法 ； 預測模式 ； 庫存管理

並列摘要

The purpose of medical examination is to help people finding the possible causes of diseases and then to assist doctors making judgment for cure. Thus medical examination is a crucial step among medical behaviors. To guarantee the quality of examination, inventory management of reagents and consumables is also a requiring groundwork, besides keeping the proper function of examining works. However, it is a big test for the staff to effectively manage reagents of various categories and complex packages. So far, the medical laboratory we cooperated in this study still has their materials purchased and managed by manpower, which is a method of time-consuming, labor-consuming and mistakable, and the instantaneous control of inventory is also impossible and therefore results in complicated management labor waste.
　　Aiming at these problems, we designed an online management information system of reagents and consumables, replacing human labor with computers to do the complicated works of ordering, examining, importation, and exportation and checking of materials, and also through the managing of the bar-code system with bar-code reader and bar-code printer. The importations and exportations of reagents and consumables can be easily recorded and saved by utilizing bar-code. This will minimize the time of paper work, preventing the problems caused by human labor from happening. The system also provide alerts and warnings to reduce errors. complications.
　　Furthermore, the demands of reagents and consumables vary with factors such seasons, geographic locations, different hospital groups and so on. Therefore, another task of this study is to assist purchasers to precisely forecast the consumptions. The laboratory we cooperated has no any forecasting system and purchasing is totally based on personal experience of purchasers. When newcomer is in charge of purchasing, the exceeding purchasing results in hoard and overdue reagents or the omission of the fluctuating usage of specific reagents results in deficiency and standstill of the work which are commonly situations appeared. Thus we developed a demand forecasting system for reagents and consumables, based on historical data of reagent order and consumption, combing the forecasting model developed by scholars Liao Yueh Hsiang et al. to calculate the demand of each reagent.

並列關鍵字

Inventory Management ； Forecasting Model ； Second Exponential Smoothing Method ； Correlation Coefficient

參考文獻

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