埃及斑蚊(Aedes aegypti)幼蟲對新型殺蟲劑抗藥性之研究

埃及斑蚊(Aedes aegypti)為登革熱傳播之重要病媒蚊。本研究針對七種不同類型之殺蟲劑，評估其對埃及斑蚊幼蟲抗、感品系之藥效，以瞭解政府己推薦藥劑之抗藥性發生情形及未來引進新作用機制藥劑作為未來防治藥劑潛力之探討。本头同時將埃及斑蚊對藥劑之試驗結果與國內外往昔研究進行比較，以瞭解埃及斑蚊於不同地區對常用殺蟲劑抗藥性發展之差異性。試驗結果顯示本研究埃及斑蚊對推薦藥劑微生物製劑BTI具抗藥性，其RR1 (以LC50為比較基準)及RR2 (以LC90為比較基準)分別為7.8及23.6，其他推薦藥劑Abamectin、Deltamethrin、Chlorpyrifos，其RR1及RR2值均在0.9與5.4之間，而對新型藥劑Emamectin benzoate、Indoxacarb、Spinosad，則其RR1及RR2均在2.2至10.1之間，顯示Spinosad在未來埃及斑蚊之防治上應有應用空間，而Emamectin benzoate及Indoxacarb宜進一步探討是否與其他藥劑具有交互抗性之作用。歷年研究與本研究埃及斑蚊對有機磷劑之Chlorpyrifos藥劑敏感性並無降低現象，唯對除蟲菊之Deltamethrin呈現抗藥性衰退及對微生物劑BTI具抗性上升之趨勢。新型藥性Spinosad在國內外均顯現出開發應用之潛力。

關鍵字

埃及斑蚊；殺蟲劑；登革熱；抗藥性

並列摘要

Aedes aegypti is one of the major mosquitoes for the dissemination of dengue fever. In this study, we use seven insecticides of different mechanisms to evaluate its efficacy against Aedes aegypti larvae of field and reference strains, to find resistance for old mechanic insecticides and novel insecticide in the future. We also compared the results of Aedes aegypti’s resistance this year with other past studies around the world, to find out the specific development of resistance of Aedes aegypti to commonly used insecticides around the world. The results showed Aedes aegypti generate high resistance to Bti of microbial pesticide in 2017, the resistance ratio (RR1)(based on LC50) and (RR2)(based on LC90) were 7.8 and 23.6, respectively, other previous agents such as Abamectin, Deltamethrin and Chlorpyrifos, their RR1 and RR2 values are from 0.9 to 5.4, respectively. The new mechanisms of insecticides such as Emamectin benzoate、Indoxacarb、Spinosad, their RR1 and RR2 are between 2.2 to 10.1, show that all insecticides ,except Emamectin benzoate and Indoxacarb can be used to prevent and control the Aedes aegypti. Over the years and in the 2017, the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to f Chlorpyrifos of organophosphate does not induce any resistance, but Deltamethrin of pyrethrum does induce resistance and cause increase resistance to Bti. The new insecticide, Spinosad, shows its potential to prevent and control Aedes aegypti larvae in the field around the world.