營建工程未驗收先行使用之探討

工程施作完成後，必須經驗收程序，亦是履約過程之重要階段。係檢視承攬人所完成之工作是否符合契約要求之品質、數量、目的等，待所有程序皆完成並合乎規範，方可正式啟用工程。然，工程實務上常有未驗收即先行使用之例，先行使用期間之保固期限應如何起算?工作物遇天災等不可歸責於雙方之情事，遭受毀損、滅失之責任應如何界定，又該由何方承擔?契約若無特別之約定，依民法之規定定作人受領前，由承攬人承擔其風險，其受領大多認為係驗收之意思，若單純的以有無驗收作為工作物毀損、滅失之判斷依據，對於契約雙方是否公平，值得探討。基於上述原因，本文主要以施作完成之工作物，其因工程專業之特性，且已有持續性使用並發揮功能效益之事實，如未事先針對先行使用之部分進行部分驗收，將可能使契約雙方見解不同，造成上述之情形而引起爭議。針對工程先行使用提出不同之見解，以供工程契約雙方訂定契約條款之參考，盼能降低因工程未驗收先行使用所造成之工程履約爭議。

關鍵字

先行使用；保固期；受領

並列摘要

After the completion of the project, final inspection/punch list is essential part of the contract fulfillment. It is the examination of whether the quality, quantity, and purpose of such project have reached the requirement. Once the entire inspection is done and qualified, the construction will be officially put to use. However, it is often that the project is used before accepted, and it is a concern that how should the warranty period be calculated at this status. Furthermore, in situation such as damaged by natural hazards, how the distribution of the responsibilities should be, or which side should be responsible? If the contract states not specifically, then according to the Civil Law, the contractor should bear the risk. In most cases,the recipients are considered to be the acceptance of the test. As if the judgement of the esponsibilities of damaged facilities are simply based on whether or not the project are accepted, the fairness to both parties in this situation is an argument needed to be discussed. For above reasons, this paper mainly focuses on and discusses the truth that a completed construction, due to its professional characteristics, has been used continuously and functioning. If the inspection or the partial acceptance is not carried out in advance, it is possible that both parties hold different opinions, thus causing the situation and conflict mentioned above. Therefore, this paper purposes different understanding for using the contract facilities before handing over it, provides a reference for the contract terms to the contractual parties, and hopes to reduce the conflicts due to unapproved use of the project.