工業區污染源所排放之污染物種類繁多且化學組成日趨複雜,排放至水體會造成優養化及產生毒性。目前環保署公告的放流水管制標準為化學物質管制濃度,雖可有效控管各事業單位污染物的排放,卻無法反應水體生物可承受之濃度,因此目前許多國家亦同時使用生物毒性試驗來評估水體污染程度。 本研究利用Ames test之代謝與非代謝遺傳致變異方法與靜水式大型水蚤生物毒性試驗輔以化學分析快速檢測台灣彰化地區八種類別之工業廢水,包括:食品工廠、造紙工廠、電鍍工廠、烤漆工廠、染整工廠、化工工廠、木材工廠及環保回收工廠之廢水是否兼具致變異性或生物毒性,並檢視各處理流程對廢水之處理效用。結果顯示,Ames test試驗中電鍍工廠之廢水具強致變異性;以大型水蚤生物測試之工廠廢水毒性大小排序為電鍍A工廠、染整B工廠、環保回收工廠>烤漆工廠>電鍍B工廠>電鍍C工廠>造紙工廠>木材工廠>食品A工廠、食品B工廠、染整A工廠、化工工廠。 本研究結果顯示生物毒性試驗均可用於快速篩選水質之預警依據,雖然水蚤生物毒性試驗較沙門氏菌致變異性試驗敏感,但致變異性檢測較快速,可運用於安全評估篩選之運用。
The type and chemical composition of industrial pollutants became increasingly diverse and complex, causing eutrophication and toxicity problems when discharged to aquatic environment. Although Taiwan EPA has regulated the quality of effluent by some physic and chemical characters of the effluent, these regulations do not reveal whether the effluent be safe or toxic to aquatic lives. Therefore, it is necessary to using aquatic organisms to detect the bio-toxicity of wastewater. The study use non-metabolic and metabolic mutagenic Ames test and hydrostatic test of Daphnia magna, supplement with chemical analysis to rapidly detect the mutagenic activity and biological toxicity of eight kinds of industrial wastewater in Taiwan Changhua, including food factory, paper mill, electroplating factory, paint factory, dyeing factory, chemical plant, timber factory and green factory, and to examine the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes of these eight different factories. The results revealed that wastewater of electroplating factory was mutagenic in Ames test. The toxicity of effluent wastewater to Daphnia magna ranked, based on the LC50, in the descending order, electroplating factoryA、dyeing factoryB、green factory > paint factory > electroplating factoryB >electroplating factoryC > paper mill > timber factory > food factoryA 、food factoryB、dyeing factoryA、chemical plant. These results indicate that biological toxicity test could supply the basic information for early warning of wastewater pollution from factory. Daphnia magna method is more sensitive than Ames Test.