國內外勞工因為累積性肌肉骨骼傷害所引致的職業安全衛生問題相當嚴重,其中不當姿勢、過大的施力、與高度的重複性是造成的主要原因。為防範此類傷害,我國最新的職業安全衛生法第六條規定:雇主對「重複性作業等促發肌肉骨骼疾病之預防」,應妥為規劃及採取必要之安全衛生措施。 本研究目的探討中部某太陽能晶材製造公司現場作業人員肌肉骨骼不適之盛行率及其原因。調查問卷是以北歐肌肉骨骼不適問卷為基礎,稍做修改以適用於本次調查。調查結果包括肌肉骨骼傷害發生率與嚴重性,以了解哪一區的作業人員有較多的肌肉骨骼不適症狀。現場評估是以「關鍵指標法」及「NIOSH抬舉指引」為主要風險評估工具,進行肌肉骨骼傷害的風險評估,確認哪些工作區是具有高風險的作業,並找出影響肌肉骨骼不適之因素。最後,主要利用滾筒裝置使抬舉與放置作業變成推拉作業,將作業員手部負荷從54kg降至5kg,改善施力過大問題,並針對高風險的作業,以人因工程的理論與技術,提出工作改善建議。以期降低現場作業人員工作負荷。
Cumulative trauma disorder is a serious problem on occupational safety and health. There are three main ergonomics–related risk factors: awkward postures, overexertion and repetition. According Taiwan’s Occupational Safety and Health rule, the employers shall adequately plan and adopt the necessary safety and health measures in order to prevent workers from musculoskeletal disorders induced by repetitive operations and related works. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and their causes in a solar energy crystal manufacturing company in Taiwan. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was taken as questionnaire survey base. The survey results contained severity rate and musculoskeletal disorders for workers on site. Key indicators method (KIM) and NIOSH lifting guideline were adopted as main ergonomic tools to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders risk on site. Finally, we main used roller spindle to change from lifting tasks to push-pull tasks and change workers hand load from 54kg to 5kg. We provided some improvement action plans by Human Factor Engineering methods for the high risk work tasks. These were expected to reduce work load for the workers on site.