探討施灌畜牧廢水對農田土壤與地下水之影響與評估

雲林為台灣畜牧產業密集的區域，以畜牧廢水做為肥料施灌於農田已行之有年，但畜牧廢水當中含有大量銅、鋅等潛在的污染物，若過量施灌可能造成土壤銅、鋅過量累積，及對環境有潛在危害。本研究利用統計獨立樣本t檢定比較施灌組與對照組農田，以及不同施灌組農田間的差異性，並使用內梅羅污染指標評估施灌組農田土壤銅、鋅累積程度，以及試算施灌組於銅、鋅持續施用下，對農田土壤使用年限。分析結果顯示，施灌畜牧廢水之農田土壤銅、鋅與有機質顯著地(p<0.05)大於未施灌對照組，而施灌牛糞尿水提升更多的土壤有機質，豬糞尿水其有較多鹽分。施灌組土壤銅、鋅的遷移與土壤有機質有著密切關係，其中銅與土壤有機質有較強的親和力，原因為重金屬可利用型態中土壤全量銅有機態占比較高，鋅則以鐵錳氧化態占比較高，也顯示施灌組土壤銅、鋅有潛在的環境毒性。單因子污染指數(PI)與使用年限的結果表示，施灌組土壤全量鋅對環境的危害程度較高，內梅羅污染指標(PN)則顯示各監測點土壤銅、鋅累積程度，均尚於合理範圍之內。本研究結果顯示，施灌畜牧廢水確實對農田土壤與地下水有其影響性，而電導度、銅、鋅與氨氮等項目分析顯示，其影響性均低於管制標準以下，但是依然有較大的危害變異性存在，建議仍需繼續進行相關監測。

關鍵字

t檢定；型態；鋅；銅；內梅羅

並列摘要

Yunlin is an area where the livestock in Taiwan. It has been used as fertilizer to irrigate the farmland for a long time. However, livestock wastewater contains a amount of potential pollutants such as copper and zinc which enrichment accumulation of zinc and harm to the environment. In this study, Independent-Sample t-Test was used to explore the feasibility of the irrigation group, control group and the different irrigation group farmland, the accumulation of copper and zinc in the irrigation group farmland soil was evaluated by the Nemerow pollution index. Furthermore, we calculated the life of farmland soil. The result revealed that the farmland soil with irrigated animal husbandry wastewater has significantly more copper, zinc, organic matter of soil (p<0.05) than the non-irrigated control group, while the irrigated cow manure urine enhances more soil organic matter, and the pig manure urine has more Salinity. The migration of soil copper and zinc is closely related to soil organic matter in the irrigation group, which copper not only with soil organic matter, but also has a strong affinity. This observation explains that the total amount of copper in the soil is relatively high in the available metal types, and zinc is iron and manganese. The high oxidation indicated that copper and zinc in the irrigation group is the potential environmental toxicity. The results of the single factor pollution index (PI) and the years of use indicated that the amount of soil zinc in the irrigation group is harmful to the environment, Secondly, Nemerow pollution index (PN) shows that it is within a reasonable range of the cumulative levels of copper and zinc in each monitoring point. The effect of irrigation of livestock wastewate wastewater on the alteration of farmland soil and groundwater, the analysis of electrical conductivity, copper, zinc, and ammonia nitrogen shows that the impact is lower than the regulatory standard, However Hazardous variability exists is needed to be monitored.