高增益轉換比之切換式電容雙向直流轉換器的設計與實作

Design and Implementation of High-Conversion-Ratio Switched-Capacitor Bidirectional DC-DC Converter

吳堃瑋(Kun-Wei Wu)

指導教授 ： 張原豪

朝陽科技大學/資訊學院/資訊工程系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

本文提出一閉迴路設計具高增益轉換比之切換式電容雙向直流轉換器的設計與實作，以脈波寬度調變方法進行升壓/降壓轉換及控制雙向電流。在高增益轉換比之切換式電容雙向直流轉換器(High-Conversion-Ratio Switched-Capacitor Bidirectional DC-DC Converter, HSBC)的高壓端直流匯流排與低壓端直流匯流排間，總共有2 個3 階層的切換式電容方塊，而每個方塊內都有著3 顆電容器以及6 個雙向開關。透過電容器的並聯(串聯)充電與串聯(並聯)放電週期性循環，每個切換式電容方塊能提供電壓增益最高為3(或1/3)。藉由連結這兩個切換式電容方塊，並加以控制雙向電流，該轉換器能夠提高高壓端電壓達到3×3 倍的低壓端供應電壓(升壓模式)，或者轉換低壓端電壓為1/(3×3)倍的高壓端供應電壓(降壓模式)。除此之外，該HSBC 轉換器的控制器部份包含高壓端/低壓端PWM 方塊以及相位產生器。本文採用PWM 技術，用來增強調節所要求的各種輸出。最後，此閉迴路HSBC 轉換器已經設計完成並使用OrCAD Spice 來進行模擬，一些例子將進行探討：升壓/降壓轉換及雙向電流的工作、高壓端/低壓端輸出漣波百分比、輸出電壓對電源變動的抵抗能力及輸出負載變動時轉換器的調節能力。所有的結果都說明所提出方法的效能。

關鍵字

切換式電容 ； 高增益轉換比 ； 脈波寬度調變 ； 雙向轉換 ； 升/降壓

並列摘要

A closed-loop scheme of high-conversion-ratio switched-capacitor bidirectional (HSBC) DC-DC converter is proposed based on pulse-widthmodulation (PWM) control for step-up/down conversion and bidirectional power flow. In the HSBC DC-DC converter, there are two 3-stage SC cells between HV bus (High-Voltage DC side) and LV bus (Low-Voltage DC side), where each 3-stage SC cell has 3 pumping capacitors and 6 bidirectional switches. One SC cell can provide the voltage gain of 3 (or 1/3) at most via capacitors charging in parallel (Series) and discharging in series (Parallel) cyclically. Based on the connection of these two SC cells, plus control of bidirectional power flow, this converter is able to boost the voltage at HV side up to 3×3 times voltage of LV supply source (Step-up mode), or convert the voltage at LV side into 1/(3×3) times voltage of HV supply source (Step-down mode). In addition, the controller of HSBC converter contains HV/LV PWM block and phase generator. Here, PWM technique is adopted in order to enhance the output regulation for the different desired output. Finally, the closed-loop HSBC converter is designed and simulated by OrCAD Spice, and some cases are discussed as : operation of step-up/step-down conversion and bidirectional power flow, and HV/LV output ripple percentage, output robustness against source variation, and regulation capability of converter with loading variation. All the results areillustrated to show the efficacy of the proposed scheme.

並列關鍵字

Switched-capacitor ； Step-up/down ； High-conversion-ratio ； Bidirectional conversion ； Pulse-width-modulation

參考文獻

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