測試規範對自行車踏板輕量化設計之影響-以歐盟動態持久測試為例

The Effect of Test Standards on Designing Light-weight Bicycle Pedals - EN Dynamic Durability Test Applied

唐民華(Min-Hua Tang)

指導教授 ： 黃台生

朝陽科技大學/設計學院/工業設計系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

本研究主要在探討登山自行車用滾珠式踏板，在市場趨勢下進行輕量化設計，腳踏板減輕重量之方式，依照材質、製造方式及結構型式，可概分為4種方式：1、改變軸心或踏板台身材質，2、改變踏板外型樣式，3、加工方式改變，4、結構改變，其中變更結構的尺寸和轉動結構，會影響到通過EN測試規範的結果最大，只有通過EN規範測試的腳踏板方可在歐盟區域銷售，以歐盟EN規範做為主要測試方式，是歐盟區域市場截至2013年佔台灣出口市場第一。本研究應用的研究方法為實驗法（experimental method），使用EN規範做為實驗方法，以現有通過EN規範測試結果的腳踏板，其零件尺寸及結構形式做為設計基準，依要因分析法分析修改部分零件，與結構形式的兩個樣品進行測試，驗證設計修改結構與零件部分，並將修改軸心以軟體進行靜力分析比較。結果發現：1、利用軸心端面抵消因荷重所造成的彎矩的方式，直徑以大於19mm為佳，並要以單一軸心直接接觸方式，才能使抵消荷重功效發揮最大。2、改變轉動支點型式，由兩端方式受力改為單邊支撐方式，會使零件受力產生偏差加劇磨損。3、使用雙軸心方式容易使內軸心在旋轉時，轉動件部份形成荷重受力最大，會加劇零件的磨損，以2個軸承方式較佳。4、踩踏過程中踏板受力分布，向內側分力幾乎為零狀態下，軸心與軸承配合段差在止推上，可以降低至軸承內環同直徑。

關鍵字

登山自行車 ； 動態耐久性試驗 ； 腳踏板 ； 自行車

並列摘要

This study mainly discusses light weight design of ball bearing pedals used for mountain bicycles in order to meet the market trend. Based on materials, manufacturing methods and structures, there are four approaches to reduce the weight of bicycle pedals: 1. changing the materials of pedal axis or pedal frame; 2. re-designing the pedal pattern; 3. changing the processing method; and 4. altering the pedal structure. Among the above four approaches, altering the pedal structure in size and rotation assembly creates the greatest effect on passing the EN test standards. Bicycle pedals cannot be marketed in the EU zone unless they pass the EN test. The EN criteria have been used as the test method for exporting bicycle pedals. By 2013, the EU zone had been Taiwan’s No. 1 export market in this field. The experimental method is used for carrying out the research and the EN standards are applied to conduct the experiment. The pedals currently meeting the EN standards are used for light-weight design in this study. Based on the parts and structures of the standard pedals, the cause and effect analysis is applied to analyze and modify the parts and the structure. Two samples are made for the test so as to verify if the modified parts and structure can meet the EN standards. An analysis and comparison are also made by software on the modified axis. The results are described as follows. 1. Longer diameter achieves a better performance when the axis end surface is used to offset the bending moment caused by load. Moreover, direct contact with a single axis can obtain the best result for counteracting load. 2. A change of rotation pivot pattern is made from two ends to one end bearing load. However, such change increases imbalanced load bearing and causes greater wear of parts. 3. The use of double axes causes the greatest load bearing on rotating parts while the inner axis is turning. Thus, the parts wear to a greater degree. It’s better to use two bearings. 4. While stamping on the pedals, the inward component of force is nearly zero. Under such a circumstance, the step difference between the axis and bearing for generating thrust can be reduced to the inner ring of the bearing, which equals to the length of the diameter.

並列關鍵字

Mountain-bicycles ； Dynamic durability test ； Pedal ； Bicycle

參考文獻

王崇岳(2004)。桌上型電腦散熱模組之參數分析。中原大學機械工程研究所，桃園縣。

林宏儒(2011)。車輛動態分析與疲勞破壞預測。國立台北科技大學車輛工程系所，台北市。

黃台生(2008)。3D量測在鞋款設計之應用。設計學報，13(1)，71-90。

陳勇全、王栢村、楊耀東、謝文富、林威呈(2010)。輕量化車體結構設計。中華民國振動與噪音工程學會第18 屆學術研討會I-153。

白政忠，2013，中華民國專利公報M452903，中華民國經濟部智慧財產局