不同生理負荷對營建勞工心理負荷影響之研究

A Study of the Effects of Construction Labor's Mental Workload under Different Physiological Workload

張云榕(Yun-rong Jhang)

指導教授 ： 蕭文達

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/營建工程系/碩士(2017年)

摘要

根據勞委會近年來統計，幾乎每年約有上百名勞工在工作時發生意外而身亡，在全部產業中以營建業最為嚴重，其中高處墜落、物體倒塌及感電占事故發生比率前三高。造成工安意外發生的主要因素包括環境因素、儀器老舊、人為疏失等。因此本研究為了減少工安意外發生率，並提高勞工專注力，擬針對人為疏失進行探討，並透過心搏率及鼻額溫差量測觀察生理負荷及骨骼肌肉負荷對勞工心理負荷造成之影響。
本研究採兩階段實驗方式，分別為生理負荷與心理負荷交互實驗與OWAS等級與心理負荷交互實驗，共徵集12位受測者參與實驗，利用模擬系統模板現地作業情況，同時量測受測者作業時的平均心搏率及平均鼻額溫差，數據進行單因子變異數分析及事後成對比較。作業項目特性區分為生理負荷低中高負荷與OWAS等級AC1至AC3群組後再進行群組分類檢定，藉由檢定去證明心搏率可有效區別執行作業時勞工生理負荷狀態及利用鼻額溫差變化，觀察生理負荷與OWAS等級對心理負荷造成之影響。研究結果顯示，生理負荷與心理負荷之間並無直接影響關係存在，但可透過攀爬工作梯之作業項目可發現，專注力越高鼻額溫差越低，亦即需消耗專注力越高之動作其心理負荷越高；並透過肌肉骨骼負荷中發現施作時因熟練度不足的關係會造成施作者心理負荷增大，但隨著施作時間增長熟練度亦隨之增加，此時心理負荷逐漸降低。
關鍵詞：人因工程、系統模板、工安意外、OWAS姿勢分析系統、生理負荷、心理負荷、骨骼肌肉負荷、鼻額溫差、心搏率

關鍵字

人因工程 ； 系統模板 ； 工安意外 ； OWAS姿勢分析系統 ； 生理負荷 ； 心理負荷 ； 骨骼肌肉負荷 ； 鼻額溫差 ； 心搏率

並列摘要

According to the statistics of the Council of Labor Affairs in recent years, almost every year there are about hundreds of workers pass away due to accidents during their work. Among all industries, the most severe is the construction sector, which fall in height、collapsed and electrification are the first three high of the accident rate. The factor causing these industrial accidents are environmental、old equipment and human error etc. Therefore this research is focus to reduce the accident rate and improve workers’ focusness. We aim to discuss on human error, and through the heart rate and the temperature difference between nose and forehead measurement to observe the physiological load and musculoskeletal load and impact worker’s psychological effect.
This research uses a two-stage test, the physiological with psychological workload interaction experiments; and Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) and psychological workload interaction experiment. Total of 12 testees participate in this experiments, simulating the actual operations with system framework. Then measure the testee’s average heart rate and temperature difference between nose and forehead at the same time, the before and after data go through one-way analysis of variance then compare with each other. The actual operations are classified to difference group to test by low、medium and high load by physiological load and with the three level of OWAS, i.e. Action Categories 1(AC1) to Action Categories 3(AC3). According to the test, which prove that heart rate can distinguish the working worker physiology easily. The temperature difference between nose and forehead can observe the physiological load and OWAS level to effect of psychological workload. The results show that there is no direct effect between physiological load and psychological workload. However, through like climbing work ladder, it can be found that the higher the focus, the lower the 、, that means work that need more focus, psychological workload are higher; And through the musculoskeletal workload, it found that low proficiency will increase the testee psychological workload, but psychological workload also decreased.
Keywords: Ergonomics、System framework、Accident、Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System(OWAS)、Physiological load、Psychological workload、Musculoskeletal workload、Temperature difference between nose and forehead、heart rate

並列關鍵字

Ergonomics ； System framework ； Accident ； Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System(OWAS) ； Physiological load ； Psychological workload ； Musculoskeletal workload ； Temperature difference between nose and forehead ； heart rate

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