女性經理人之角色衝突與工作滿足關係之研究─以台北市之銀行業為例

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ROLE CONFLICT AND JOB SATISFACTION OF WOMEN MANAGERS—WITH FEMALE BANK OFFICIALS IN TAIPEI CITY AS AN ILLUSTRATION

陳怡雯(Yi-wen Chen)

指導教授 ： 林信雄

大同大學/經營設計學院/事業經營學系所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

綜觀全世界，近十多年來，女性之勞動參與率遽增，此亦使得女性在管理職位上的數目增加，而我們也能夠在台灣發現此種轉變。然而女性依舊甚少被晉升到管理職位上，特別是高階的管理職位。由於管理就女性而言代表一種非傳統的工作選擇，而傳統上認為男性較適合之。所以女性經理人容易面臨到一連串的兩難：她們須持續地力求平衡工作與家庭的角色。再者，女性經理人體驗到比男性更多的壓力，而壓力的來源通常與性別相關，也就是與社會所期望的女性角色與真實的女性角色攸關。另外，Type A/B 人格特質已被發現與工作壓力相關，且會干擾工作壓力源與工作壓力間之關係。隨著女性勞動人口的增加，多關注於女性從業人員在工作壓力對其工作滿足之影響愈突顯其重要性。大部分在此方面的研究一向多以男性為樣本，本研究則著重於女性經理人之工作體驗。
本研究首先回顧與整合過去的文獻，並根據其基本理論而建立研究架構與假設且證實這些假設。此研究欲探討角色衝突、工作壓力、工作滿足與Type A/B 人格特質間之關係，並以台北市銀行業之女性經理人為研究對象。
本研究共寄發220份問卷，而回收127份有效問卷，其回卷率為57.73%。經過相關分析與迴歸分析，本研究之主要發現摘要如下：（1）角色衝突對工作壓力有顯著的正向影響；（2）工作壓力對工作滿足有顯著的反向影響；（3）角色衝突對工作滿足有顯著的反向影響；（4）工作壓力顯著地增強角色衝突與工作滿足間之反向關係；（5）Type A人格特質並不顯著地干擾角色衝突與工作壓力間之正向關係。
本研究冀望能夠給予組織管理階層與學術研究者些許攸關女性經理人之對待方面之洞察力，且提供具體建議以平衡女性經理人之工作與非工作的生活。

關鍵字

Type A/B 人格特質 ； 工作滿足 ； 工作壓力 ； 角色衝突

並列摘要

In the whole world, the proportion of women participating in the labor force has increased dramatically in recent decades, which has resulted in an increase in the number of women in management positions. As we know, such changes have also been found among women in Taiwan. However, women are still underrepresented in management positions all over the world, and this is especially so for senior management positions. Management represents a “nontraditional” job choice for women and has traditionally been viewed as more appropriate for men than women, so women managers are inclined to face a series of dilemmas. They are continually striving to balance her role at work and home. In addition, managerial women may experience more stress than men and that the sources of stress are gender-related; that is, related to the expected and actual roles of women in society. Moreover, Type A/B personality has been found to be associated with work stress, and it moderates the relationships between work stressors and work stress. With the increase in numbers of women in the labor force, it is critical that more attention be given to understanding the effects of work stress and job satisfaction. While most previous work in this area has involved men as samples, this study puts emphasis on the work experience of managerial and professional women.
In the process of this study, the priority was to review and integrate the past literature underlying the basic theory of this study before building up a research framework and putting forward relevant hypotheses as a basis for verification. This research examines the relationship among role conflict, work stress, job satisfaction, and Type A/B personality, utilizing the female bank officials in Taipei City as samples.
In total, 220 questionnaires were distributed to conveniently sampled subjects. Of them 127 were found usable, resulting in a response rate of 57.73%. Adopting correlation analysis and regression analysis, the major findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) role conflict has a significant positive effect on work stress; (2) work stress has a significant negative effect on job satisfaction; (3) role conflict has a significant negative effect on job satisfaction; (4) work stress significantly intensifies the negative relationship between role conflict and job satisfaction; (5) Type A personality does not significantly moderate the positive relationship between role conflict and work stress.
This study hopes that it can give managerial practitioners and academicians some insights into the proper treatment of female managers and can also provide them with concrete suggestions on how to balance female managers’ work and nonwork life.

並列關鍵字

Job Satisfaction ； Role Conflict ； Type A/B Personality ； Work Stress

參考文獻

Li, Ming-feng. “Relationships between Leadership, Role Pressure and Job Satisfaction.” MBA thesis, Chung Hsing University, 1997.

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Babin, Barry J. and James S. Boles. “Employee Behavior in a Service Environment: A Model and Test of Potential Differences between Men and Women.” Journal of Marketing 62 (1998): 77-91.

Bedeian, Arthur G. and Achilles A. Armenakis. “A Path-Analytic Study of the Consequences of Role Conflict and Ambiguity.” Academy of Management Journal 24 (1981): 417-24.