添加物改善澱粉混煉塑膠之 機械性質、熱學性質與成本效益的研究

The Study of Additives on Mechanical and Thermal Property and Also on the Products Cost of Starch Compounded Plastics

劉晃賓(Huang-Ping Liu)

指導教授 ： 陳志成

大同大學/工程學院/生物工程學系所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

本研究之第一部份以澱粉、聚己內酯(PCL)、水、酵素及甘油為基本配方，配合實驗設計學中的24-1部分複因子實驗設計法，而設計添加卵磷脂、黏土、碳酸鈣及二氧化鈦。結果在機械與熱學性質方面，抗張強度(Ultimate tensile strength)、伸長率(Elongation at break)、楊式模數(Modulus)、韌性(Tensile toughness)及熔融指數(MI)的結果與基本配方比較都有增加。而在吸水速率及水溶性損失實驗的結果顯示，配方中添加卵磷脂及二氧化鈦後明顯降低吸水速率，但是卻提高水溶性損失。
第二部份則以澱粉及酵素為基本配方，依據實驗設計學之中心點混成設計法以卵磷脂、PCL、甘油及水之改變而設計配方生產樣品，最後進行拉伸測試，同時進行配方的最低成本分析。結果發現，實驗樣品的抗張強度在0.5~1.01 Kgf/mm2及伸長率在50~250 %的範圍內，可以取代目前市面上之相關塑膠商品達100種左右，本研究所得的樣品成本約為1.7~4.2 US$/Kg，與目前國內外相關的生物分解性塑膠的價格相比，降幅達3.3~58.3 ﹪左右。

關鍵字

澱粉，添加物

並列摘要

In the first part of this study, Polycaprolactone (PCL), water, enzyme, and glycerol were the materials of basic formula, then, lecithin, clay, calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide were added to the basic formula according to the 24-1 fractional factorial design. The results indicate that the mechanical properties such as Ultimate tensile strength, Elongation at break, Modulus, Tensile toughness and Melt Flow Index (MI) are better than the samples of basic formula. Lecithin and titanium dioxide reduce the absorption rate of water but increase the water-soluble weight loss in the derived samples.
In the second section of experiment, we selected starch and enzyme as the basic formula and changed the level of lecithin, PCL, glycerol and water according to the central composite experiental design. The samples were conducted to the tensile test and also to the production cost analysis. Results showed that samples with Ultimate tensile strength in the range of 0.5~1.01 Kgf/mm2 and also with Elongation at break in the range of 50~250% would possess the sufficient mechanic properties to replace about 100 kinds of commercial plastics in the market; those samples have estimated cost of 1.7~4.2 US$/Kg. Compared to other biodegradable polymer, the cost reduction reaches 3.3~58.3 %.

並列關鍵字

Additives ； Starch

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