- 學位論文
大量客製化、敏捷製造與精練生產對競爭優勢的影響
THE IMPACT OF MASS CUSTOMIZATION, AGILE MANUFACTURING, AND LEAN PRODUCTION ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
摘要
企業環境因全球化、跨國性組織興起，變得複雜和不可預測。不過，各產業間仍一致地視提昇競爭優勢為獲利的關鍵，因此，降低成本、提高品質、準時交貨與彈性流程成為衡量競爭優勢的具體指標。傳統上，製造業一向是以規模經濟、大量生產的方式來降低成本；如今，卻面臨不同以往的競爭環境，一方面要滿足顧客多樣化的需求，另一方面又要在迅速回應市場時兼顧成本的考量，企圖尋求成本、品質、交期與彈性相互之間最佳的契合。 自從過去學者提出大量客製化、敏捷製造與精練生產的觀點作為製造業因應市場快速變遷之道，其中大部份屬概念上的論述，較少有實務上做法方面的研究。雖然，大量客製化做法、敏捷製造做法與精練生產做法的現象，眾所週知地存在實務界，然而，過去的實證研究卻鮮少檢視其對競爭優勢的影響。因此，本研究旨在探討大量客製化做法、敏捷製造做法與精練生產做法三者是否皆對競爭優勢產生正向的影響。 研究對象是針對2005年商業周刊公佈的台灣製造業1,000大報告，進行普查，利用郵寄問卷調查方式蒐集資料；實證資料先以SPSS 12.0統計軟體進行探索性因子分析，再採用AMOS 5.0統計軟體進行結構方程式建模(SEM)分析所得的因子負荷量與路徑係數，評鑑最佳配適模式之配適度並檢定本研究假設。研究結果發現，敏捷製造做法與精練生產做法兩者支持研究假設，對競爭優勢產生正向的影響；至於大量客製化做法，卻意外發現對競爭優勢並未顯著影響。究其主要原因可能是大量客製化的觀點強調低成本、多樣化生產，又要兼顧高品質、客製化要求，當此一原則落實到實務的做法時，涉及產品設計、製造策略、製程能力與供應鏈做法等全面性的整合；不過，愈多環節則愈容易增加成本，反而造成無法提昇競爭優勢。
並列摘要
The business environment has become complicated and unpredictable due to globalization and the rising of cross-national organizations. However, improving competitive advantage is constantly the critical factor for different business organizations in order to earn profits. Therefore, decreasing cost, increasing quality, on-time delivery and flexible process become the measurement indicators of competitive advantage. Traditionally, manufacturing firms were always decreasing cost by economies of scale and mass production. Nowadays, the manufacturing firm faces different competitive environments from the past. On one hand, it needs to satisfy customer’s various demands; on the other hand, it also needs to consider its own cost when it makes rapid responses to the market. Manufacturing firms intend to seek the best fit among cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility. In the past scholars suggested that mass customization, agile manufacturing and lean production enabled manufacturing firms to deal with the promptly changing market, on the basis of theoretical concept but few on empirical research. Although the phenomena of mass customization practices, agile manufacturing practices, and lean production practices existed and were known in business, the past empirical studies rarely reviewed the impact of practices on competitive advantage. Therefore, this study intends to explore the impact of mass customization practices, agile manufacturing practices, and lean production practices on competitive advantage. The research subjects of this study are the top 1,000 manufacturing firms in Taiwan that were reported by Business Weekly in 2005. A census for these 1,000 manufacturing firms was carried out. The survey was conducted by using a mail questionnaire. First of all, the empirical data underwent exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 12.0 statistical software. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was done using AMOS 5.0 statistical software to identify the factor loading and path coefficient, evaluate goodness-of-fit of the best fitting model, and test research hypotheses. The results supported the hypotheses that agile manufacturing practices and lean production practices both have a positive impact on competitive advantage. In case of mass customization practices, its impact on competitive advantage is not significant.