探討脂肪族-芳香族共聚酯與澱粉混煉塑膠之機械強度的最適配方

Investigation of Components for Improving the Mechanical Strength of Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyester and Starch- Compounded Plastic

林煊曜(Hsuen-Yau Lin)

指導教授 ： 陳志成

大同大學/工程學院/生物工程學系所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究主要是利用單軸擠壓機對澱粉與脂肪族-芳香族共聚酯進行混煉加工，針對生產的生物分解性塑膠之機械性質進行探討，以期找出最適配方；實驗共探討五個部份：（1）塑化劑（水與甘油）添加量；（2）各種添加物；（3）酵素與卵磷脂比例；（4）不同種類澱粉；（5）水與甘油兩者間比例等。根據研究結果可知：（1）採用25%（水＋甘油）/TPS，可得到較佳的機械性質。（2）添加物中聚乳酸（PLA）對抗張強度及楊氏模數方面為正效應，而對伸長率與韌性卻為負效應，而Ethyl cellulose、Glucose、Palmitic acid、Stearic acid與CaO等添加物，對機械性質則無顯著增益。（3）配方中添加澱粉水解酵素與不添加澱粉水解酵素比較，發現添加酵素對機械性質為正效應，但添加量在0.26~0.78％之間，對機械性質並無明顯差異。添加卵磷脂含量對機械性質中之伸長率和韌性為正效應，卻對抗張強度及楊氏模數為負效應。（4）在澱粉的選擇上，以使用玉米澱粉具有較佳的機械性質。（5）水與甘油間比例為1：3時，具有最大抗張強度和楊氏模數。
综合上述所述，選用玉米澱粉與脂肪族-芳香族共聚酯，在水與甘油比例為1：3，且（水與甘油）/TPS為25%；其機械性質為抗張強度12.3±0.2MPa、伸長率281.3±59.9％、楊氏模數180.8±7.9 MPa、韌性26.6±6 MPa，為本研究之最適配方。

關鍵字

生物分解性塑膠 ； 脂肪族-芳香族共聚酯 ； 單軸擠壓機

並列摘要

In this study, we used signal-screw extruder to extruding starch and aliphatic-aromatic copolyester. In order to define the optimal property, we direct at the mechanical strength of biodegradable plastic；This research had five parts mainly: (1) adding amount of Plasticizer (water and glycerol ); (2) various kinds of garniture; (3) the proportion of lecithin and enzyme; (4) different kinds of starch; (5) the proportion of water to glycerol. We focused on the mechanical nature of our products and hoped to find out the optimal prescription. The results of this study demonstrated: (1) While (water and glycerol) / TPS was 25%, it was the best adding amount of plasticizer. (2) Although polylactic acid（PLA）could increase the tensile strength and modulus, but elongation and toughness would decline obviously. And other garnitures, such as ethyl cellulose, glucose, palmitic acid, stearic acid and CaO, etc., had not improved the mechanical nature apparently. (3) In the process, enzyme must to be added, otherwise its mechanical nature would decline rapidly. However, the amount of enzyme did not influence the result. Adding the content of lecithin could improve the elongation and toughness in its mechanical nature, but it also reduced the tensile strength and modulus. (4) After the process, adding the corn starch would get the best mechanical nature. Therefore, the corn starch was the most preferable starch. (5) While the proportion of water to glycerol was 0.17％ to 0.52％, the product had largest tensile strength and modulus. In summary, while the proportion of water to glycerol was 0.17％ to 0.52％ and (water and glycerol) /TPS was 25%, the corn starch and aliphatic-aromatic copolyester were processed. Its mechanical nature was tensile strength of 12.3±0.2MPa, elongation of 281.3±59.9%, modulus of 180.8±7.9 MPa, and toughness 26.6±6 MPa. And that was the optimal prescription of this research

並列關鍵字

biodegradable plastic ； aliphatic-aromatic copolyester ； signal-screw extruder

參考文獻

4. 李卓曄，1998，添加物及原料配方對擠壓緩衝產品理化及生物分解特性之研究。碩士論文。中興大學農業機械研究所。

9. 溫育德，2005，生物可分解聚酯與澱粉於混煉製備與加工性能之研究。碩士論文。大同大學生物工程研究所。

11. Appelqvist, I. A. M., Debet, M. R. M. 1997. Starch- biopolymer interactions-a review. Food Rev. Int., 13(2), 163-224.

13. Cura, J. A., Jansson, P. E. and Krisman, C. R. 1995. Amylose is not strictly linear. Starch/strake 47: 207-209.

15. Lawton, J. W. and Fanta, G. F. 1993. Glycerol-plasticized films prepared from starch-PVA mixture: effect of poly(ethylene-co- acrylic acid). Carbohydrat polymer 23: 275-280