視覺障礙者行動中電子偵測手杖之人因設計研究

A Study on Ergonomic Design of Electronic Detecting Cane for the Visual Impaired in Travel

梁譽瀞(Yu-Ching Liang)

指導教授 ： 吳志富

大同大學/設計學院/工業設計學系所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

視覺障礙會影響一個人的定向行動能力。因此全盲者或重度視障者幾乎都使用白手杖做為行動輔具，並且接受定向行動的訓練，以提升其感知能力。然而傳統白手杖卻無法顧及到行杖者上半身之安全。因此為了讓視障者在既有環境下能舒適、安全以及有效的使用行動輔具，本研究利用超音波感測裝置與手杖結合，配合定向行動杖法和傳統白手杖進行操作比較，探討在「直線路況」下之偵測效能 (碰撞次數、干擾誤判次數、障礙物排除時間、杖寬變化等) 和主觀評價。實驗結果以單變量變異數進行統計分析。結果顯示，兩者在碰撞次數、障礙物排除時間、杖寬變化有顯著差異。而本研究所開發的電子偵測手杖，以電腦繪圖模擬方式推算出適合視障者在三種不同情境下所使用的模式。第一為在「直線路況」時，「90 cm 偵測距離、90°上下偵測範圍、10°左右偵測範圍」。其次在「尋邊路況」時，「90 cm偵測距離，90°上下偵測範圍，54° 左右偵測範圍，使用時須將偵測感應機構上傾30°，偵測感應器照射角度往身體前方走道方向傾斜30°」。第三則為在「上樓梯路況」時，「60 cm偵測距離，90° 上下偵測範圍，54° ( 53.98°) 左右偵測範圍，使用時須將偵測感應機構上傾30°，偵測感應器照射方向朝行走前方」。從視障者主觀評價驗證結果顯示，本研究所開發之電子偵測手杖，具有良好偵測效能和學習適應時間短的優勢，但亦有五成左右認為有使用方式差異、重量和攜帶性之問題。期待本研究之研究成果對視障者上半身行動安全性會大幅提昇，進而提昇視障者獨立外出行走的自信心。

關鍵字

超音波 ； 行動輔具 ； 障礙物 ； 偵測效能 ； 安全性

並列摘要

Vision impaired can affect one’s orientation mobility. Therefore, people who suffer from fully blind or heavily visually impaired tend to use white canes as travel aids for training of orientation in order to upgrade their sensibilites. However, the traditional white canes can’t seem to protect safety of users’ upper body. In quest of using travel aids effectively to a comfortable and careless level in the current surroundings for visually imparied ones, the research uses ultrasound device combined with canes, in accordance with orientation and mobility cane technique and traditional white canes to compare their operational functions. To find out the detetion effiency (eg. collision frequency, misjudgement interference frequency, obstacles elimination time length and various width between two points drawn by cane) and subjective assessment of beeline path. Single variance analysis was used to exam all test results, which indicated that both aids are very much different among collision frequency, obstacles elimination time length and various width between two points drawn by cane. The electronic detecting cane developed by the research, using computer graphicial stimulation to work out three proper different models for visually impaired people as followings. 1. beeline path: 90cm detection range, 90° vertical detection range and 10° horizonal detection range. 2. edge searching path: 90 cm detection range, 90° vertical detection range and 54° horizonal detection range. Users must adjust detector to lean up to 30°, while detector projecting a 30° angle towards preaxial movement. 3. up stairs path: 60 cm detection range, 90° vertical detection range and 54° horizonal detection range. Users have to adjust detector to lean up 30°, while detetor projecting an ahead movement. Results from visually impaired after using the electronic detecting cane, the tool developed from this research has advnaced in great detection and mininizing learning time. However, there are about 50% users pointed out possible problems of using method, weight and portablility. We aim to highly improve mobility safety of the visually impaired people’s upper body, in addition to upgrade their confidence while talking alone outdoors.

並列關鍵字

Electronic Travel Aids (ETAs) ； ultrasound ； white cane ； electronic detecting cane ； visually impaired

參考文獻

16.王茂駿、王明陽、林昱呈 (2002)。台灣地區人體計測資料庫手冊。中華民國人因工程學會。

20.行政院衛生署 (1997，2002修正)。身心障礙等級。

26.杞昭安 (2000)。定向行動教材教法。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育學系。

38.楊雅兆 (2004)。使用超音波感測之自走車避障實務設計。碩士論文。中原大學機械系。

3.Blasch, B.B, Wiener, W.R., & Welsh, R.L. (1997). Foundations of Orientation and Mobility, Second Edition. American Foundation for the Blind, 11 Penn Plaza, New York, 240-247.