主管領導風格對工作壓力與離職傾向關係之研究–台灣地區保險業為例

THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON JOB STRESS AND TURNOVER INTENTION –TAIWAN INSURANCE INDUSTRY AS AN EXAMPLE

莊采華(Tsai-Hua Chuang)

指導教授 ： 李賢哲

大同大學/經營設計學院/事業經營學系所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

邁入二十一世紀，臺灣已進入高科技與服務業的時代。近年來，由於社會型態的改變，台灣已邁入高齡化社會，退休規劃的重要性不容忽視，加上投資型保單的商機無限，因此，台灣保險業的前景仍被看好。至2006年底為止，國民投保率達166.3%，可見保險業為服務業中重要的一環。
保險業是一個以人為主的行業，優秀的專業人才更是保險業不可或缺的重要資產。但我國壽險市場的就業情況總是處於大量增員、大量淘汰之中，業務人員的離職率始終居高不下。具有管理經驗的主管深諳此理，主管必須不斷地透過訓練、輔導與激勵業務員，給他願景並引導業務員為達成人生的目標而努力不懈。因此，主管領導型態對組織的發展是非常重要的，領導者是否有能力因應產業內外環境變動，並凝聚一群具有熱誠且願意長期並肩作戰的部屬，才能不被競爭的環境淘汰。因此，本研究才以探討保險業主管之領導風格與其部屬的人格特質、工作壓力以及離職傾向之間的關係，並探討部屬的人格特質及工作壓力的變數角色，期許對人壽保險業之人才留任略有助益。
本研究採便利抽樣，第一階段先以M保險公司進行預試50份問卷，扣除填答不完整4份，有效問卷數共46份。第二階段再以M保險公司與S保險公司，共發出220份問卷，回收185份，其中扣除填答不完整、缺漏答題數過多及基本資料部分或全部未填寫等之廢卷後，有效問卷數共176份，有效回覆率為80 %。
並以統計軟體SPSS 驗證所提出之研究假設。實証結果如下: (1)轉換型領導風格對員工之工作壓力呈顯著影響，(2)工作壓力與離職傾向呈顯著正向關係，(3)領導風格與離職傾向呈負向關係，(4)人格特質對領導風格與工作壓力間之關係不具有干擾效果，(5)人格特質對工作壓力與離職傾向間之關係不具有干擾效果，(6)工作壓力對領導風格與離職傾向間之關係具有中介效果。

關鍵字

離職傾向 ； 人格特質 ； 領導風格 ； 工作壓力

並列摘要

For the recent years, Taiwan has stepped into aging society and therefore the importance of retirement planning cannot be disregarded. It is thus clear that insurance is one of the key elements in the service industry. The insurance industry is human-oriented, for which the experienced leaders who are well aware of this truth inspire the sales people through continuous training and encouragement and lead the sales people by giving them visions to work hard to achieve their goals. Therefore, the leader’s leadership type is very important to the development of the organization. The leader’s ability to react to the environment change inside and outside the industry and to unite a group of cordial subordinates to work and fight together is the key to success. Thus, this research explores the relationship among the insurance leader’s leadership style and the subordinate’s personality characteristics, job stress and turnover intention. This research also studies the role of the variable of personality characteristics and job stress and hopefully gives help to retain personnel in the life insurance industry.
The convenient sampling was taken to collect data. At the first stage, 50 copies of questionnaires were sent to M insurance company, for which 46 valid ones were returned and make sure that the design of questionnaires is no problem. At the second stage, total 220 copies of questionnaires were sent out, for which 185 of them were returned of which 176 returned mailings are valid, effective response rate at 80%.
This study has adopted the SPSS to do data analysis. According to the result of verification analysis, the conclusions are generated as followings.
(1) Leadership style has significant influence on job stress, (2) Job stress has positive relationship with turnover intention, (3) Leadership style has negative influence on turnover intention. (4) Personality characteristics has no moderating effect on the relationship between leadership style and job stress, (5) Personality characteristics brings no moderating effect on the relationship between job stress and turnover intention, (6) Job stress has mediation effect on the relationship between leadership style and turnover intention.

並列關鍵字

turnover intention ； leadership style ； personality characteristics ； job stress

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