- 學位論文
ZigBee無線感測網路之混合式路由演算法
A HYBRID ROUTING ALGORITHM OF ZIGBEE WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
摘要
IEEE 802.15.4 是一種在無線個人區域網路中所定義之低資料傳輸率、低功率、低複雜度的短距通訊協定，因此適用於ZigBee無線感測器網路。相較於一般的無線隨意網路，例如：IEEE 802.11，ZigBee無線感測網路的節點數多、裝置結構精簡、演算法簡易，因此在設計及應用上受到較大的限制。主要應用於電表、溫濕度等各種數據的監測、遠端監控、家用設備的控制、工業以及家庭的設備自動化等。 ZigBee的相關研究中，如何在受限的條件下提升傳輸效能並擴展應用，一直是研究的重要課題之一。現行的無線感測網路以回應式路由(AODV)為主要路由協定，然而AODV會有使用次佳路線的缺點，當路徑沒發生錯誤時將會沿用舊路徑拖慢傳輸效能；如果以主動式路做為路由協定，將會出現為了維護路由而過度消耗資源的問題。因此我們提出一種觀念，將混合式路由(ZRP)的機制應用在無線感測網路中，除了提高傳輸與架構的效率外也能解決多節點網狀網路拓樸中廣播風暴的問題。 在混合式路由(ZRP)中，藉著更改節點的Zone參數，可以調整主動路由廣播的範圍，依照拓樸及節點數需求自由切換成主動、回應或混合式路由。在此架構中，反應的時間、延遲及消耗可以得到一個有效的控制，提高在各種場合環境下的適應性，增加傳輸發展的空間。 針對多節點感測器資料傳輸，不同於一般無線網路點對點傳輸的情形，藉著使用資料傳輸協定，以提示資訊封包取代原始資料，當需要傳送資料給多個節點時，可以避免龐大資料充斥網路中，減少不必要的傳輸而提昇傳輸效能。
並列摘要
IEEE 802.15.4 standard defines the protocol and compatible interconnection for data communication devices using low data rate, low power and low complexity, short-range radio frequency transmissions in a wireless personal area network(WPAN). Since, the standard is able to use in ZigBee wireless sensor network (WSN). ZigBee has more sensor nodes, reduced device and simpler algorithm than Ad Hoc Network, e.g. IEEE 802.11. Therefore, there are more limit in design and application. ZigBee is expected to use in electric meter, light meter sensor, temperature and humidity sensor, remote monitoring, home control, and industrial automation. It is an important subject that how to improve the transmission effect and make the application usefully in the limit situation in ZigBee research. Now WSN use the reactive routing protocol (AODV) to route the path. AODV will use the unhealthy path if the path has no error or break, and reduce the transmission effect. If WSN use the proactive routing protocol, the device must offer more power to maintain the path. In this paper we use a hybrid routing algorithm (ZRP) in Wireless sensor network. Besides improve the performance of transmission and framework, it also solve the broadcast storm question. To change the Zone parameter and the Zone range, we can replace the system to reactive, proactive or hybrid routing protocol with different necessaries. ZRP can control the reaction time, delay and cost to enhance the application and develop of ZigBee. The multicast case which is differ from the peer-to-peer transmission, use data transmission protocol to replace the data package with hint package. It avoids the huge data packages to be full of network, decrease unnecessary transmission and improve transmission effect.