含羥基有機物為原料與無機酸為觸媒合成生質汽油

Synthesis of Biofuel by Using Hydroxyl Organic Compounds as Raw Material and Inorganic Acids Catalyst

王人德(Jen-Te Wang)

指導教授 ： 周澤川

大同大學/工程學院/化學工程學系所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

在石油蘊含量逐漸減少的年代，又因為二氧化碳對於溫室效應之影響，若能找到取代石油的綠色燃料，是當前重要的課題。農業廢棄物為一可利用之原料，不會與人們爭糧。本實驗是以不同的酸類(硫酸、碳酸及磷酸)與醣類分子反應生成具有較大活性的甲基化試劑，配合不同甲基化試劑（DMS、DMC、TMP）促進產生醚化反應，把甘油與醣類分子轉變成疏水性化合物，並利用改變不同試劑劑量(1倍至5倍)與反應時間(1小時、2小時、4小時、8小時、12小時)，以達到最佳反應效果。
實驗依照Haworth的方法進行改良，反應條件為90℃下，甘油可轉化為3ME1 (3-Methoxy-1,2-propanediol、2-Methoxy-1,3-propanediol)、3ME2 (2,3-Dimethoxy-1-propanol、1,3-Dimethoxy-2-propanol)、3ME3 (1,2,3-Trimethoxypropane)，並利用GC (氣相層析儀)進行分析，其中3ME2及3ME3可溶於油類，以DMS試劑反應一小時，具有較好及較大的選擇率及產率，若以TMP試劑，反應時間需增加為4小時以上才會有30%的產率，若以DMC試劑，反應較容易發生於甘油上，形成其他環狀物。以葡萄糖為原料進行醚化反應，可以產生6ME1 (Mono-O-Methylglucose)、6ME2 (Di-O-methylglucose)、6ME3 (Tri-O-methylglucose)、6ME4 (Tetra-O-methylglucose)及6ME5
(Penta-O-methylglucose)，則DMS效果較佳，TMP次之，DMC效果較差，惟DMC結構中不具無機物，是最佳的反應觸媒，即使有未反應物，亦不會對內燃機造成傷害，根據歷年文獻顯示，若以Me-Glu(6ME1)為反應原料，總體醚化效果較好。

關鍵字

甲基化試劑 ； 生質汽油 ； 醚化

並列摘要

This is the age that the amount of oil contains gradually reducing. Because the effect of carbon dioxide for the greenhouse effect. How to find biofuel to replace oil is currently an important issue. Agricultural waste can be used as a raw material, which will not compete with foods. The experiment is based on different acids (sulfuric acid, carbonic acid and phosphoric acid) reacts with the sugar molecules have greater activity in the methylation reagents, with different reagents (DMS, DMC, TMP) to facilitate the generation of ether reaction, the glycerol and sugars transfer to the hydrophobic compounds, and different mass (1-time to 5-times) and reaction time (1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours) to find optimum results.
According to Haworth’s methods, we set the reaction conditions of 90℃, the glycerol can be converted to 3ME1 (3-Methoxy-1,2-propanediol; 2-Methoxy-1,3-propanediol), 3ME2 (2,3-Dimethoxy-1-propanol; 1,3-Dimethoxy-2-propanol), 3ME3 (1,2,3-Trimethoxypropane) and analysis by GC. DMS as methylation reagent to react in an hour the selectivity and yield rate had become better and greater. However, TMP reagent need to increase the reaction time to 4 hours will had the 30% yield. DMC as the reagent had better react with glycerol to formation the ring structure.
Glucose as raw material, DMS had the better yield and conversion rate to formation 6ME1 (Mono-O-Methylglucose), 6ME2 (Di-O-methylglucose), 6ME3 (Tri-O-methylglucose), 6ME4 (Tetra-O-methylglucose) and 6ME5 (Penta-O-methylglucose), and TMP second, DMC less. But DMC is an organic compounds, it would not damage the engine even if DMC was not reacting completely.
According to the historical literatures, if we use the Me-Glu (6ME1) as reactants, it will make the etherification reaction better then glucose.

並列關鍵字

etherification ； methylation reagent ； biofuel

參考文獻

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