以通用設計探討手輪馬達驅動可折疊電動輪椅之設計研究

近年來代步工具的普及，顯示其對於中風及行動不便的老年人與病患而言相當重要，且因輕量化材質與密集電池的發展，使得電動輪椅逐漸被採用，然因障礙者有行動程度與照護者的差異，因此電動輪椅的通用設計有其必要性。本研究分三階段進行實驗，第一階段以問卷方式調查下肢障礙者、老年人及看護者等輪椅使用族群對於現有市售電動輪椅操作上的問題點。第二階段以拍攝電動輪椅操作的影片，請受測者以通用設計PPP 量表評估並進行因素分析，得到通用設計原則與設計要素之關聯性。第三階段，以因素分析所得結果做改良式設計並以通用設計PPP 量表評估改良設計案。結果顯示，第一階段下肢障礙者對於現有市售電動輪椅操作上的問題點為:(1) 衣服、毛巾等異物夾入輪框與手扶圈。(2) 充電時換電池不便。(3) 收折輪椅時操作不便或無法收折。(4) 左右施力不均，保持直線不易。 (5) 行駛時手被輪框、鋼絲或手扶圈夾到。(6) 包包等置物間不足。再以通用設計 PPP 量表評估並進行因素分析則顯示通用設計原則與設計要素之關聯性。經由因素分析剩下變數(UD 指針提項)後共萃取出三個主成分，解釋率達到71%。第一主成分中，由原則1、原則2、原則3、原則4、原則5、原則6、原則7 及附則1 八個原則組成;第二主成分由原則2、原則1 兩個原則組成;第三主成分由原則2 所組成。最後依必要設計程序，以通用設計PPP 量表評估改良式設計案，結果顯示依通用原則相對應之設計要素所設計之折疊電動輪椅手輪馬達驅動滿意度最高。

關鍵字

通用設計；障礙別；電動輪椅

並列摘要

In recent years the popularity of transport tools has shown its importance to stroke and mobility-impaired patients as well as old people. In addition, due to the development of lightweight materials and intensive battery, the adoption of electric wheelchair has been gradually increased; however, as there is a movement difference between the disabilities and the caregivers, a universal design for electric wheelchair is necessary. The experiment of this research had been conducted in three phases. The first phase was a questionnaire survey to wheelchair user groups of lower extremity disabilities concerning the operational problems of existing commercial electric wheelchairs. The second phase was to have subjects, by using universal design PPP (Product Performance Program) scale , assess the electric wheelchair operated video shoot and conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. The third was to conduct design improvement based on the findings of factor analysis and used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project. The research findings of the first phase demonstrated that problems for lower extremity disabilities to commercial electric wheelchair are: (1) clothing, towels are easy to clip into the wheel circle and hand rims. (2). Inconvenience in battery change while charging (3), Inconvenience in wheelchair folding or unable to fold. (4). Uneven balance and hard to keep straight (5). Hands tend to be clipped by iv wheel frames, wire, or hand rim while in steering. (6). Limited storage space. On using universal design PPP scale to conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. There were three major components extracted from the remaining variables through factor analysis (UD Guideline Items) , with 71% explained rate. The first major component composed of eight principles. The second major component consisted of two principles o; the third one included one principle. The findings of final phase which used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project based on the necessary design process, showed that the folding hand-wheel motor-driven electric wheelchair under the design elements corresponding with general principles was the most satisfied one.In recent years the popularity of transport tools has shown its importance to stroke and mobility-impaired patients as well as old people. In addition, due to the development of lightweight materials and intensive battery, the adoption of electric wheelchair has been gradually increased; however, as there is a movement difference between the disabilities and the caregivers, a universal design for electric wheelchair is necessary. The experiment of this research had been conducted in three phases. The first phase was a questionnaire survey to wheelchair user groups of lower extremity disabilities concerning the operational problems of existing commercial electric wheelchairs. The second phase was to have subjects, by using universal design PPP (Product Performance Program) scale , assess the electric wheelchair operated video shoot and conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. The third was to conduct design improvement based on the findings of factor analysis and used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project. The research findings of the first phase demonstrated that problems for lower extremity disabilities to commercial electric wheelchair are: (1) clothing, towels are easy to clip into the wheel circle and hand rims. (2). Inconvenience in battery change while charging (3), Inconvenience in wheelchair folding or unable to fold. (4). Uneven balance and hard to keep straight (5). Hands tend to be clipped by iv wheel frames, wire, or hand rim while in steering. (6). Limited storage space. On using universal design PPP scale to conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. There were three major components extracted from the remaining variables through factor analysis (UD Guideline Items) , with 71% explained rate. The first major component composed of eight principles. The second major component consisted of two principles o; the third one included one principle. The findings of final phase which used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project based on the necessary design process, showed that the folding hand-wheel motor-driven electric wheelchair under the design elements corresponding with general principles was the most satisfied one.In recent years the popularity of transport tools has shown its importance to stroke and mobility-impaired patients as well as old people. In addition, due to the development of lightweight materials and intensive battery, the adoption of electric wheelchair has been gradually increased; however, as there is a movement difference between the disabilities and the caregivers, a universal design for electric wheelchair is necessary. The experiment of this research had been conducted in three phases. The first phase was a questionnaire survey to wheelchair user groups of lower extremity disabilities concerning the operational problems of existing commercial electric wheelchairs. The second phase was to have subjects, by using universal design PPP (Product Performance Program) scale , assess the electric wheelchair operated video shoot and conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. The third was to conduct design improvement based on the findings of factor analysis and used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project. The research findings of the first phase demonstrated that problems for lower extremity disabilities to commercial electric wheelchair are: (1) clothing, towels are easy to clip into the wheel circle and hand rims. (2). Inconvenience in battery change while charging (3), Inconvenience in wheelchair folding or unable to fold. (4). Uneven balance and hard to keep straight (5). Hands tend to be clipped by iv wheel frames, wire, or hand rim while in steering. (6). Limited storage space. On using universal design PPP scale to conduct factor analysis to obtain the association between the universal design principles and design elements. There were three major components extracted from the remaining variables through factor analysis (UD Guideline Items) , with 71% explained rate. The first major component composed of eight principles. The second major component consisted of two principles o; the third one included one principle. The findings of final phase which used universal design PPP scale to assess the modified design project based on the necessary design process, showed that the folding hand-wheel motor-driven electric wheelchair under the design elements corresponding with general principles was the most satisfied one.