應用模糊多準則決策於特殊氣體供應商評選問題

高科技電子產業帶動台灣近30 年來的經濟發展，而此產業能如此蓬勃的發展，供應鏈扮演重要的角色，從上游的原物料採購到下游的產品銷售構成完整的供應鏈體系，尤其在上游的生產用原物料採購方面充滿著神秘感，讓人想一探究竟，因為對於採購決策的好奇心，激發研究採購決策的動機，並想深入了解製造者對原物料中特殊氣體供應商的評選準則及偏好。以往文獻主要皆是以製造商的角度來對原物料供應商進行評選，而本研究是從被評選的供應商的角度來探討其客戶(即本研究問卷的目標對象)在做供應商評選決策時所考量及重視的評選準則，協助供應商了解自身的優缺點，做為未來改善銷售行為及擬定銷售決策的參考標準，研究的對象為半導體(Semiconductor)、液晶面板(TFT-LCD)、太陽能電池(Photovoltaic)及發光二極體(LED)等四類高科技產業的上游製造商，採用模糊多準則決策法(FMCDM) 研究方法，針對供應商評選的問題，採取六項評選準則及四家特殊氣體供應商進行問卷調查及研究分析。由整體及產業別分析的研究結果顯示，準則評比最重視的為品質準則，其次才為成本準則，再來是服務準則。供應商評選的實證結果，最佳決策方案為第四家供應商(S4)。而由此分析結果可看出，單單成本的優勢並不一定會受到此四類高科技製造商的青睞，還必須再配合其它準則如品質或服務等的優勢，才能使供應商具備有較佳的評選競爭力。本研究分析成果可應用在實務方面，提供特殊氣體供應商在面對此四類高科技產業製造商的供應商評選時的參考依據，使特殊氣體供應商可針對自身的優劣進行檢討，強化競爭力，提升營運績效。

關鍵字

供應鏈；供應商評選；特殊氣體； FMCDM ；原物料；模糊多準則決策法

並列摘要

In Taiwan, high-tech electronic industry creates a powerful economic development for almost 30 years till now. The supply chain plays an important role that makes the electronic industry develop vigorously. It has established a complete supply chain system from the upstream of raw material purchasing to the downstream of product sales. Especially the raw material purchasing affair is always full of mysteries and lures people to explore the inside thoroughly. Out of this curiosity to purchasing, it is a motive that drives me to study the purchasing decision and want to have a deeper understanding how manufactures choose their raw material suppliers for specialty gas. Past studies are mainly from the perspectives on evaluation of raw material suppliers while this study is from the selected suppliers’ perspective to probe their customers. (the respondents of this questionnaire). When making the suppliers evaluation, the considered and valued principles assist suppliers to know their own pros and cons. This is future improvement on both selling behavior and reference standards of selling determination. The respondents include four types of high-tech upstream manufacturers such as Semiconductor, TFT-LCD, Photovoltaic and LED. Fuzzy Multi-criteria decision making (FMCDM) is proposed as a methodology to solve the supplier selection problem. Six evaluation criteria and four specialty gas suppliers are adopted to do the questionnaire survey and research analysis. The research results of integral and respective industry report that quality is primary in six criteria. Cost is secondary and service is tertiary. The empirical result of supplier selection reports that the fourth supplier (S4) is the best alternative of these four suppliers. According to this analysis result, it shows that a supplier only possesses the cost advantage could not be adopted and selected in these four high technology electronic industries. It still needs to tie in with other criteria such as quality, service, and so on to make supplier to possess much more competitiveness. The research analysis result of this study can be applied into practicing and offer the specialty gas supplier reference information while facing supplier selection among the four types of manufacturers. It makes specialty gas supplier to review its pros and cons and strengthen its own competitiveness and operation performance.

並列關鍵字

supplier selection ； Specialty gas ； Supply chain ； Raw material ； FMCDM ； Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making

參考文獻

Abudayyeh, O., S. J. Zidan, S. Yehia, and D. Randolph, “Hybrid Prequalification-Based, Innovative Contracting Model Using AHP”, Journal of Management in Engineering,

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Barajas, M. and B. Agard, “Improved Fuzzy Ranking Procedure for Decision Making in Product Design”, International Journal of Production Research, 48(18), (2010): 5433-5453.

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應用模糊多準則決策於特殊氣體供應商評選問題

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