以氣相層析質譜分析儀進行甘油與叔丁醇反應之產物分析

Analysis of the Products from the Reaction between Glycerol and Tert-Butanol using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

許育銘(Yu-Ming Hsu)

指導教授 ： 張志雄

大同大學/工程學院/化學工程學系所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

甘油與叔丁醇以酸性觸媒進行醚化反應（60℃~100℃）生成可添加於柴油之含氧燃料。在本研究中，我們以固體酸觸媒Amberlyst-70進行100℃~190℃溫度範圍之甘油與叔丁醇的催化反應。叔丁醇/甘油莫耳比為4:1反應時間為8小時，觸媒量為甘油的10 wt%。在100、115℃反應溫度下，液態產物為均一相，無油水分離現象，而在130、150、190℃反應溫度下，液態產物有油水分離現象（上為有機相、下為水相）。我們以氣相層析質譜儀進行各反應溫度下產物分析。反應溫度為100、115、130℃時主要產物為單雙第三級丁基甘油醚（Mono-tert-Butyl Glycerol Ethers, MBGEs）、雙第三級丁基甘油醚（Di-tert-Butyl Glycerol Ethers, DBGEs）、三第三級丁基甘油醚（Tri-tert-Butyl Glycerol Ether, TBGE）；而反應溫度為150、190℃時主要產物則為二異丁烯（Diisobutylenes, DIB）及碳8～碳16之碳氫化合物，並可以任何比例與汽、柴油均相混合。將190℃反應溫度之液態有機相產物與汽油、航空燃油、高級柴油進行層析圖比對，證實190℃之液態有機相產物與汽油、航空燃油之成分分佈相近，從而推斷此測液態有機相產物可做為汽油、航空燃油之油品添加劑。

關鍵字

甘油 ； 叔丁醇 ； 氣相層析質譜儀

並列摘要

The etherification of glycerol (GLY) with tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) around 60℃ to 100℃ with acid catalysts can produce oxygenates for diesel. In this work, the reaction between GLY and TBA was carried around 100℃ to 190℃ in a batch reactor adopting the recipe TBA / GLY molar ratio to 4:1, Amberlyst-70 catalyst 10wt% of GLY, and reaction time 8 hours. A homogeneous liquid phase product was obtained at the reaction temperatures 100℃ and 115℃; however, a two-phase liquid phase product (the upper layer was an organic phase; the lower layer was an aqueous phase). In the study, we used the GC/MS to analyze the product distribution. We found that the main products at the reaction temperatures 100℃ and 115℃ were Mono-tert-Butyl Glycerol Ethers (MBGEs）, Di-tert-Butyl Glycerol Ethers（DBGEs）, and Tri-tert-Butyl Glycerol Ether (TBGE); while the the main products at the reaction temperatures 150℃ and 190℃ were Diisobutylenes（DIB）and the hydrocarbon-cut product (C8 to C16). We also compared the GC diagrams between the obtaind product at 190℃ with those of gasoline, aviation fuel, and petroleum diesel and found that the composition of the obtaind product was closed to gasoline or aviation fuel.

並列關鍵字

tert-butanol ； glycerol ； GC/MS

參考文獻

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