「本土化性別圖像回溯團體」對大學生性別刻板印象與性別平權態度的影響—兼論性別差異現象

目前國內正積極地推動性別教育，使用的教材卻多來自於西方經驗，本土教材明顯缺乏，所以本研究旨在以本土化素材為基礎設計「本土化性別圖像回溯團體」，並檢驗此團體方案是否能降低大學生的性別刻板印象，並增進其性別平權態度。本研究採取質量混合設計，量的部分係採不等組前後測之準實驗設計，並依性別分成二個實驗，實驗一為女生團體，共15人；實驗二則為男生團體，共17人。本研究係以某南部某大學生活應用群學生為對象，再分派為實驗組與控制組。實驗組學生參與「本土化性別圖像回溯團體」，每週1次，每次約120分鐘，共8次。研究工具包含自編之團體方案、女性長者女孩經驗回憶畫卡、性別刻板印象量表、性別平權態度量表、訪談大綱等。資料收集後，量化部分採取無母數統計方式；質化部分則採取內容分析，。研究結果分為兩部分，量化結果發現：1. 「本土化性別圖像回溯團體」未能降低男、女受試者的性別刻板印象。2. 「本土化性別圖像回溯團體」可以提升女受試者的「性別平權態度」；但未能提升男受試者的「性別平權態度」。質性研究結果則顯示，「本土化性別圖像回溯團體」對男、女受試者均能產生直接效應與間接效應，前者指的是受試者會受到回憶畫卡、女性長者以及團體本身的影響，例如，因為畫卡而更能體會長輩的性別處境；也更知道性別歧視的實況；甚至藉由世代對照而深化性別思考。後者則指受試者在參與團體後，在性別態度與認知上有了轉變，甚至能主動質疑性別規範的矛盾，並做出反叛的行動。此外，本研究還發現「本土化性別圖像回溯團體」對男、女受試者的影響不甚相同，女性團體在性別平權上有所提升，但男性團體則為有成效，而在訪談內容上，女性受試者所表達的廣度與深度都較男性成員豐富，不過，男性受試者倒也能述說其知覺內容，讓我們對男性觀點有所理解。最後，本研究所使用的本土化教材確實能引發更實質的共鳴，也讓受試者與其上代長輩有較深的連結，這是本研究最重要的貢獻。據此，本研究建議未來性別教育教材的開發應更為著重本土化素材的開發，也更應關注男、女學生在性別教育上的不同需求。

關鍵字

性別刻板印象；性別平權態度；性別平等教育

並列摘要

At present, gender education has been aggressively promoting, but the material applied is mainly coming from Western experience, and the local material is obviously in short. The study's purpose is to use a "recalling group with localized gender image" - a localized material as the fundamental design, and testify whether such a group can reduce college students' typical impression of gender and enhance their attitude toward gender equivalence. The study adopts a qualitative and quantitative blended design, and the nonequivalent pretest-posttest methods are applied at the quantitative part. Two experiments are divided based on gender; experient 1 is a female group with fifteen members; the experient 2 is a male group with seventeen members. The targeting is the college students in the group of applied living in one of the universities in the south of Taiwan and then divided into experimental unit and control unit. The student in the experimental unit participates in "recalling group with localized gender image" spending 120 minutes weekly and eight times in total. The tool applied to the research including a self-edited group proposal, senior female's memory recall painting card for the period of a girl experience, the scale of typical impression to gender, the scale of the attitude towards gender equivalence, the frame of interview…etc. Once the information is collected, the method of nonparametric statistics is applied at the quantitative part; the method of content analysis is applied at the qualitative part. Two parts are divided for the outcome of the research; the quantitative part discovers 1. The "recalling group with localized gender image" can not reduce both male and female participants' typical impression of the gender 2. The "recalling group with localized gender image" can improve the female participants' "the attitude of gender equivalence." but can not improve the male participants" attitude of gender equivalence". The outcome of the qualitative research result shows "recalling group with localized gender image" generates direct effect and indirect effects for both male and female participants. The front one indicates the participant will be influenced by memory painting card, senior female, and the group itself. For instance, the painting card enables the participant to gain more experience and the idea of what the senior has been through and the situation the senior encountered and the authentic condition of gender discrimination; and even the thinking of gender in depth through the comparison among generations. The back one shows the change is made in attitude and recognition to gender after the participants' involvement. The participants even aggressively suspect the conflict in gender regulation and take rebelling action. Besides, the study discovers "recalling group with localized gender image" has a different influence for both male and female participants; it made some improvement to gender equivalence for the female and som effect to the male participant. In the interview conversation, the female interviewee presents more abundance on the width and depth than the male interviewees, but at least the male interviewee freely express and describe their comments after the experience. It helps us to get to know better about the point of view of the male. Finally, the localized material applied to the study indeed triggers more actual resonance. It also enables deeper linkage being built between the participant and the senior in the last generation, which is considered the crucial contribution of the study. The development for the material applied to gender education in the future should focus on more at localized material and also be aware of the difference on-demand between male and female students as the suggestion based on the study result.