福田繁雄公益海報表現手法與象徵性研究

本研究以福田繁雄公益海報作品為研究樣本，以索緒爾、皮爾斯兩位符號學者之理論進行研究；採用文本分析個別詮釋海報的符號的象徵意義、整體海報訴求與海報表現手法；再以KJ 法精神初步以公益海報訴求進行分類與分析，歸類公益海報的組成與表現屬性；最後以內容分析歸納其慣用的公益海報符號的符徵、符指與表現手法；並以皮爾斯的記號分類法；觀察其慣用之符徵與符指的互動，進而導出其公益海報符號的符號屬性；本研究結果如下： 1. 福田繁雄創作公益海報慣用的表現手法為剪影、異質同構與視覺錯視三類。 2. 福田繁雄慣用的公益海報視覺符號為以下三類： (1) 人體視覺符號：象徵全人類與肢體語言的意涵。 (2) 人造產物視覺符號：戰爭與危害、環境問題與內心感受的意涵。 (3) 環境視覺符號：全世界的意涵。 3. 根據KJ 法實施之結果，人權、人種、追求勝利與人際關係四類面向之公益海報屬人類精神層面問題；而自然生命、自然環境、世界遺產與戰爭四類面向之公益海報則屬社會實質層面問題；並多為負面表現屬性。 4. 福田繁雄於公益海報的符號運用上多以概念的聯想來表現，故其符號屬性多由由肖像符號（Icon）與象徵符號（Symbol）跳躍至指示符號（Index）來傳達海報的整體意涵。

關鍵字

福田繁雄、公益海報、符號、象徵性、表現手法；符號；象徵性；表現手法

並列摘要

This study scrutinizes Shigeo Fukuda’s public posters using theories proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce, two of the iconic figures in the field of semiotics. Textual analyses were conducted to interpret Fukuda’s posters in terms of the symbolic meaning of each sign, the overall purpose and design techniques. On the basis of the KJ Method, the purposes of these posters were subjected to a preliminary analysis for the categorization of their compositions as well as characteristic attributes. Finally, a content analysis was used to identify the signifiers, signified and design techniques Fukuda used frequently in his posters. In addition, Peirce’s sign-categorizing method was employed to obtain the patterns of interactions between the signifiers and signified, and subsequently, the attributes of signs in these posters. Findings from this present study include: 1. Silhouetting, isomorphism and optical illusions are the three techniques Fukuda usually applied to his public posters. 2. The three types of visual signs frequently appearing in Fukuda’s public posters are: (1) Visual signs of the human body: signs that connote something related to the entire human race and body language. (2) Visual signs of artificial items: signs that connote something related to wars, hazards, environmental issues and emotions. (3) Visual signs of the environment: signs that connote something related to the whole world. 3. The results of the analysis using the KJ Method showed that, among Fukuda’s public posters, those addressing human psychological issues contain signs relating to four aspects: human rights, race, the pursuit of victory, and interpersonal relationships, while those addressing issues concerning social reality contain signs concerning another four aspects: nature/life, natural environment, global heritages, and wars, mostly with negative characteristic attributes. 4. Most signs in Fukuda’s public posters exhibit conceptual associations. As a result, the connotative meanings of his posters almost always are conveyed with signs drastically transformed from icons/symbols to indices.