插畫中徒手線畫風格之創作表現與應用--以歐遊系列、台灣系列觀光海報設計為例

The presentation and application of freehand illustration in line

黎曉鵑(Hsiao-Chuan Li)

指導教授 ： 張柏舟

國立臺灣師範大學/藝術學院/設計研究所/碩士(2000年)

摘要

根據【布里塔尼卡百科事典】（encyclopaedia brilannica）裡的說明，將「Drawing」一辭詮釋為：「把物體、人物、風景或感情、創意以及構想等，主要以線條表現出來謂之。」由此看來，以線條把對象抽象化、簡約化，是Drawing最大的特徵。對Drawing的範疇與目的，【布里塔尼卡百科事典】做了如此的規範：「Drawing大體來說，是為了準備大畫前先畫的草稿，但有時是以它為最終目的而畫的線畫，這就叫做Drawing。」（註1）
本論文中徒手線畫的研究作品，便是以Drawing為主，把各地具有特色的風景轉變為圖像的形式，再搭配不同明度與亮度的色塊、色彩，形成具有立體與空間感的插畫；並利用插畫中的徒手線畫，結合部分新藝術（Art Nouveau）風格為裝飾，表現歐洲及台灣各地的獨特風光，目的是藉著圖形的傳遞，嚐試創造出兩個不同系列的觀光海報。創作形式以平面的手繪線條，配以當地豐富的色彩，來表達如漫畫般充滿想像的空間，以建構成具有輕鬆風格特色的作品。
筆者的研究方法主要是採取文獻探討法，研究步驟便是從有關插畫文獻的研究開始，從而了解插畫的定義、歷史和分類。從插畫的定義來說：插畫是為正文內容作補充說明，或純粹是裝飾用的手繪圖畫或圖解；從歷史的角度來說：在東方和西方的插畫發展歷史裡，便可以清楚的看到，雖然東方和西方的插畫歷史不盡相同，但都是從宣揚理念的作用發展出來的，經歷各代的演變，慢慢進展為現今的插畫形式，也逐漸成為一門獨立的藝術。製作方式從起初的手繪，到木刻、石刻等印刷流傳，及至今日的印刷技術，插畫便愈趨精美和廣為流通；從插畫的分類來說：可從表現手法和表現材質來探討，表現手法包括，幽默、諷刺、寫實、裝飾、幻想、象徵、誇張、及抽象等；表現材質有手繪插畫、印刷插畫、立體與半立體插畫、電腦繪圖插畫等。
其次，便是從此次研究的主題「徒手線畫」中，對線條定義、分類及線條與色彩間的關係作研究。在這個部分，我們可以得知：線為點移動的軌跡，線主要可分為直線或曲線，而不同的工具所繪出來的線條，也具有其個別的特徵；線條與色彩則可以互為主從，若在以線條為主的畫面中，色彩所扮演的角色，便是將立體的空間，轉換到平面的畫面中，而畫面的前後關係，則可利用色彩的三屬性：色相、明度、彩度，來分出前後的空間感。
最後，要探索的是：插畫的裝飾風格部分。此次創作，希望達到的是輕鬆、自然、浪漫、率性的風格，因此便採用與之相近的新藝術風格。百年前的那一個跨世紀時代，是一個新藝術運動創作者勇於創新、達到顛峰成就的時代；在今日另一個跨世紀的同時，所以會採用新藝術風格，也是期望現代的設計創作者，能具有和新藝術運動者一樣的勇敢創新態度，創造另一個巔峰。
總結來說，在筆者論文中的這一個段落裡，是從新藝術的起源、背景、發展和各地的特色作概要的認識，作本文研討的基礎和創作的源頭。
文獻探討之後，便利用從文獻中所得到的概念和知識，發展出以針筆手繪線畫為主的插畫形式，描繪的對象則是各地的風土人情與自然人文風光，展現出不同於一般攝影圖片的介紹，融入筆者對旅遊當地的思維，和旅遊時所感受到的氣氛；另外，也希望當代的設計者，不要被新興的電腦科技所侷限，因而拋棄了傳統的手繪方式，應該各取其中優點，配合自己的設計理念，創造出更合人性化及更優美的作品。
最後，筆者要說明的，在創作應用的項目上，則包括了：旅遊海報、具有景點介紹的月曆、給兒童閱讀的景點介紹插畫書、和給青少年與成年人的隨身筆記書等，都是可以用此一方式表達的作品。
註1： 王秀雄譯，1996，伊東壽太郎著，設計用的素描，台北：大陸書店，頁11。

關鍵字

插畫 ； 徒手線畫 ； 新藝術 ； 旅遊海報

並列摘要

According to encyclopaedia brilannica : It explains the meaning of “ Drawing ”： 「 it shows object , people , scenery , emotion , creation and idea with line 」. Hence we know , the great character of drawing is to make object become abstract and simple by line . The encyclopaedia brilannica concludes some rules about the range and the purpose of drawing ： 「Generally speaking , drawing is a rough draft which I have painted before I prepare to draw a picture . Sometimes the rough draft become our final work 」 .
The research work of freehand illustration in line is based on drawing , which translate scenery into the form of picture , and match the shade of color which has different color , bright and light . Then they will become three-dimensional illustration . I use the freehand illustration in line to combine decoration style of Art Nouveau and the unique scenery in Europe and in Taiwan . I create different series of sightseeing poster by transmission of picture . Creative form use the freehand line in plane and plentiful color , I also want to show the imaginative space of comic and easy attitude style .
My main research adopt literature discussion , The step of research starts from the research of illustration literature , and then you will know the definition , history , classification of illustration . When it comes to the definition of illustration : Illustration is a additional explanation for contents , it just for decoration or define the picture . In respect of illustration , we can see that the history of illustration are different in east and in west , but they all develop from spreading idea . It goes through development in history to develop slowly , and the modern illustration form becomes a unique art step by step . The development of production method is from freehand , woodcut , stonecut , which print to spread , till now the modern print technique make the illustration more exquisite and wide spread . In speaking of the classification of illustration : It can discuss by display method and by display material , the display method includes humor , satire , reality , decoration , imagination , symbol , exaggeration , abstract , etc. The display material includes freehand illustration , print illustration , solid and 3D illustration , computer illustration , etc. And then I will research the definition and classification of line , and the relationship between line and color , to discuss my subject which is freehand illustration in line . In this part , We can know that , the line is routes of dot moving . The line can divide straight and curve , and the different painting tools can draw different line with special character . The line and color can interact each other . For example, I use the line to be the main character of picture , the color is going to change the solid space into the plane of picture . And the front-back relation of the surface of picture can use the three attributes of color : hue , value and chroma , to divide the space of front-back .
At last , I will discuss the decorative style of illustration . I hope this work can show the relaxed , natural , romantic and frank style. Therefore, I choice the Art Nouveau that is close to this style. Hundred years ago , it was a great age , The Art Nouveau creator braved to create and made the best achievement . In the new century , I adopt the Art Nouveau to expect modern creator will have the same attitude , just like Art Nouveau creator to create another great age .
In this paragraph , it introduce simply the original , background , development , character of each nation all about Art Nouveau , and that is my basic of thesis and source of creation .
After I discuss the literature , I use the knowledge and conception from the literature to develop the illustration which use technical pen to draw freehand line . The objects of describing are local custom and practice , natural and humane scenery , it shows thespecial introduction to differ from the common photo picture , and it assimilate the thoughts and the atmosphere which I have feeled when I was traveling in each place . Otherwise , I also hope the modern creator do not depend on computer so much to desert the traditional freehand painting method . We should adopt the advantage of them to match our design idea , and then we will create more human nature and beautiful works .
The last point , I want to clear it up : the application items of creation are including 8 traveling posters , a calendar with introduction of scenery , a book for children with illustration and introduction of scenery , a note book for young man and adult , 12 bookmarks , 4 cards . You can see all kind of the application items in the same style .

並列關鍵字

illustration ； freehand illustration in line ； art nouveau ； poster

參考文獻

§翁參隆，1983，紙裝飾，台北。

§蘇進強，1999，歡喜新台灣，台北：中華文化復興運動總會。

§Lara-Vinca Masini，1984，ART NOUVEAU，London：Thames and Hudson Ltd.

◎中文書籍

§王秀雄譯，1996，伊東壽太郎著，設計用的素描，台北：大陸書店。