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  • 學位論文

在反事實因果模型下探討信仰型非營利組織之組織運作效果

Expioring on the Effects of Organizational Operational of Faith-based Non-profit Organizations under the Counterfactual Causal Model

指導教授 : 鄭亦君
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摘要


在台灣信仰自由受到憲法的保障,因此在內政部的統計中,較具規模的宗教團體多達22種。這22種宗教中,在台灣擁有較多信徒的有佛教、道教、基督教。而前述3種宗教的教義、活動與儀式各有不同,在各個不同的教義、活動、儀式之下,是否可以帶給信徒生活上的主觀幸福感?及不同的宗教信仰的主觀幸福感是否存在差異性? 本研究就台灣的佛教、道教、基督教/民間信仰、其他信仰的信仰效果進行因果推論,研究中採用Diener(1984)所提出的主觀幸福感量表(Subjective Well-Being, SWB)來衡量個體的主觀幸福感指數,及以Rubin的「反事實因果模型」為理論基礎,以傾向分數配對法建立不僅探討信仰對幸福感的處理效果(因果效應),也探討台灣三大宗教(基督教、佛教、道教/民間信仰)及其他信仰的運作是否可以增進信徒的主觀幸福感。研究結果發現一、有無宗教信仰對主觀幸福感不存在因果關係;二、基督教信仰對主觀幸福感不存在因果關係;三、佛教信仰對主觀幸福感不存在因果關係;四、道教/民間信仰對主觀幸福感不存在因果關係;五、其他信仰對主觀幸福感不存在因果關係。也就是說,基督教、佛教、道教/民間信仰、其他信仰的教義與活動並不能增加信徒個人的主觀幸福感。 本研究進而將所有有效資料進行單因子變異數分析及Scheffefe事後檢定發現,一、基督教、佛教、其他信仰的主觀幸福感顯著高於無宗教信仰及道教/民間信仰者。二、無宗教信仰與道教/民間信仰著之主觀幸福感間無顯著差異。三、基督教、佛教、其他信仰者間的主觀幸福感無顯著差異。

並列摘要


Christian is a kind of foreign religion in Taiwan. People are guaranteed to have freedom of religious belief by “The Constitution of the Republic of China”, so that Christian can be cultivated all over Taiwan. Christian is the spiritual consolation and sustenance for many believers. It takes Jesus as the center and it starts with love and teaches believers to do good things, emphasizes confession, repentance, forgiveness, and humility. In addition, it pursues a meaningful and purposeful life, and then aims to bring happiness to the world. Christian strengthens the connection between believers and churches through various activities such as worship, gatherings, singing hymns, pastor preaching, sacrament, fellowship, Bible study, Sunday school and other activities. However, can Christian give the believers happiness in life or subjectivity? This study makes a causal inference about the belief effect of Christian. We use subjective well-being scale (Subjective Well-Being, SWB) proposed by Diener (1984) to measure the individual’s subjective well-being index, and we take "The counterfactual causal model" presented by Rubin as the theoretical basis to explore the effect of faith on happiness. The results of the study show that there is no causal relationship between Christian faith and well-being, that is to say, the doctrine and activities of the Christian cannot increase the individual subjective well-being to believers. In the future, Christian in Taiwan maybe can increase the support function of religious organizations to provide Christians the happiness in life or subjectivity.

參考文獻


中文部分
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