美容業者對現行美容證照之效用評估

近年來美容業的發展因經濟與科技的蓬勃發展，使其專業的技術能力開始受到社會大眾的肯定與尊敬；也因應市場的需求演進為有系統規範性的技能教育訓練。因此順應世界的潮流，我國以頒佈職業技能檢定歸範來執行美容證照制度，作為專業技術能力鑑定的依據。首先透過文獻與專家建議後彙整初擬美容業者對現行美容證照的效用評估內容，依此擬定模糊德菲法專家問卷，經由模糊德菲法專家問卷取得專家共識之現行美容證照的效用評估指標架構，最後運用層級分析法取得評估指標之權重值。本研究透過文獻與專家建議後經由模糊德菲法專家問卷建構出現行美容證照的效用評估指標五大構面分別為，一、「社會多元的認定價值」；二、「技能職業標準」；三、「專業能力的肯定」；四、「職業道德觀」；五、「就業的經濟效益」。五大構面又細分三十一項評估因素，經由模糊德菲法與層級分析法的權重值篩選出評估指標。其結果顯示美容業者對現行美容證照的效用如下：1.研究發現篩選出主構面因素共有「社會多元的認定價值」、「專業能力的肯定」、「就業的經濟效益」等三個主構面因素。其中「社會多元的認定價值」高於「專業能力的肯定」與「就業的經濟效益」，可見美容業者對於美容「專業能力的肯定」並非以美容證照是否持有為首要依據；且在「就業的經濟效益」效用上認為未持有美容證照亦無礙其從事美容工作。因此，美容業者認為擁有美容證照對美容「就業的經濟效益」並不具有加分效果。2.在「社會多元的認定價值」構面因素中以「有利甄試保送入學」指標權重值最高。「專業能力得肯定」構面因素以「可受下屬肯定」指標權重值最高，而「就業的經濟效益」構面因素發現「有利開設美容補習班」指標權重值最高。研究結果得知，現行美容證照不是美容業者專業能力鑑定的依據，業者對我國現行美容證照的實質效用與認同感並不高，對其價值是持負面且不需要的態度。期許未來與業界取得共識，將技能檢定的證照是用來培養國家的技術人力與促進國民就業的角色充分發揮，使證照成為就業市場訊息的指標，是促進人力資源的累積、提昇國家技術人力水準與服務品質並加速產業升級與提昇競爭力。

關鍵字

技能檢定；美容證照；證照制度；模糊德菲法；層級分析法

並列摘要

The rapid development in cosmetology has made the professional cosmetology techniques earned the acceptance and respect from the society these years. The professional training program has been systematized in accordance with the market demand. Our government has also regulated the cosmetology industry by to ensure that proper skills are learned and that sanitary and safety measures are followed. Uppon passing the vocational skill exam to the government issue cosmetology license. The evaluation of effectiveness of cosmetology license is based on the literatures review and expert suggestion have been summarized. Next, this research uses Delphi method to create the questionnaires and surveys, and to gain expert’s agreement of the index framework of effectiveness evaluation of current cosmetology license. The last step of this research applies AHP to obtain the weight index of effectiveness evaluation. This study evaluated the cosmeticians on the topic of certification system by literatures review,in-depth interview and Delphi method to set up the questionnaire, then establish assessment framework by AHP. There are thirty evaluation factors and five dimensions including: 1. identified value of multicsocial 2. standards of professional skills 3. recognition of professional competence 4. professional ethics 5. economic benefits of employment. The results show that the factor on the identified value of multicsocial is higher than the standards of professional skills and the economic benefits of employment. It means that the certificate is not the most important basis for the cosmeticians, and it is not concerned their jobs directly; In the dimension of identified value of multicsocial, the factor of "helpful for admission to school" is the highest score. In the dimension of recognition of professional competence, the factor of "won recognition by staffs" is the highest score. In the dimension of economic benefits of employment, the factor of " beneficial to set Beauty schools " is the highest score. The result shows the professional skill evaluation of cosmeticians is not able to be determined by the current cosmetology certification. Cosmeticians do not think holding the licenses can bring effectiveness for their professional skill. This research expects to get agreement with cosmeticians in the future. Therefore, our government can incubate more technical resources for cosmetology industry to facilitate employment, and also to utilize the skill certification as the index of employment rate in order to increase the service level and quality of cosmetology.