臺南市國中生內外控人格特質與低碳飲食行為傾向之相關性研究

近年來，溫室效應造成全球暖化已嚴重影響人類生活，而肉類及畜牧產業是導致溫室氣體排放增加的主因。國民中學藉由營養午餐推行「每週一天無肉日」來促使學生從小養成低碳飲食行為觀念，降低個人二氧化碳的排放量，達到生態環境永續發展。國中生是生長發育的關鍵期，也是人格發展的重要階段，此階段國中生易受同儕、社會風氣影響，內外控人格特質對行為的影響也較其他年齡層高。本研究旨在探討國中生內外控人格特質與低碳飲食行為之相關性。本研究採用問卷調查為研究工具，以102學年度就讀於臺南市公立國中七年級至九年級學生為研究對象，進行分層叢集抽樣，共發出805份問卷，有效問卷740份，有效回收率為94%。資料結果以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關進行分析。研究結果如下：一、國中學生因性別、年級、飲食習性、自覺身體健康情況及參與環保減碳活動次數的不同，在內外控人格特質有顯著差異。二、國中學生因性別、年級、飲食習性、每週一天無肉日政策與環保減碳活動次數的不同，在低碳飲食行為傾向有顯著差異。三、內外控人格特質與低碳飲食行為傾向，除低碳烹煮無顯著相關外，其餘皆達顯著正相關。整體而言，國中生傾向內控人格特質，尤其是在選擇素食飲食習性、參與較多環保減碳活動者，其內控人格較外控人格特質顯著。學生低碳飲食行為傾向無明顯差異，其中性別為女性、七年級生、食物習性為素食者、知道低碳飲食政策、參加環保減碳活動多者，較具低碳飲食行為傾向。本研究發現，越傾向內控人格者，其未來越有可能採取低碳飲食行為。學校應落實低碳教育，同時可舉辦更多元的低碳相關環保活動，讓學生參與實際行動，提高學生對環境的敏感度，未來採取低碳飲食行為的傾向將會愈高。

關鍵字

國中生、內外控人格特質、低碳飲食行為

並列摘要

Recently, global warming gave rise to serious effects in human’s life. Meat-processing industry and animal husbandry were the ringleaders resulted in the greenhouse gas emission. By the trying of carry out weekly “No-meat day” of school lunch for students to develop the concept of low-carbon diet behavior and reduce personal CO2 emission from young. This research is to discuss how the personal background variables influence Internal/ External Locus of control and low- carbon diet behavior, and to understand the relationship between Internal/ External Locus of Control and the tendency of low- carbon diet behavior of junior high school students in Tainan City. This research adopted questionnaire survey as the tool, sampling 7th to 9th graders of public junior high school students in Tainan City during 2013 to complete Two-Stage Stratified Cluster Sampling. With the total number of 740 valid feedback data out of 805 questionnaires, the effective feedback percentage is 94%. According to the result conducted by descriptive statistics, T-test, one way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation: 1. Because of the differences among genders, grade, diet habit, self awareness of health and the frequency of low- carbon activities participation, there was a significant difference in Internal/ External Locus of Control of junior high school students. 2. Because of the differences among genders, grade, diet habit, the policy of weekly “No- meat day” and the frequency of low- carbon activities participation, there was a significant difference in the tendency of low- carbon diet behavior. 3. Except for low- carbon cooking, Internal/ External Locus of Control and the tendency of low- carbon diet behavior has positive correlation. To sum up, junior high school students have a tendency of Internal Locus of control, especially among those who have the habit of vegetarian diet and those who were frequently low- carbon activities participants. According to the statistics result, the overall performance of students’ low-carbon diet behavior tendency is just passable, but among them, female, 7th grader, vegetarians, those who know about the policy of low-carbon diet, and frequent participants of low-carbon activities have a positive tendency in low-carbon diet behavior. According to this research, a person who has a tendency of Internal Locus of control has more possibility to have low-carbon diet behavior in the future. Schools should implement low- carbon education and hold multiple ecological activities about low- carbon at the same time, to encourage students to participate in and raise their sensitivity of environment, which will help rising the tendency of adopt low- carbon diet behavior in the future.