親子共廚父母團體方案開發之行動研究--以親子遊戲治療理論為基礎

本研究以「親子遊戲治療」理論為基礎發展出「親子共廚」為主題的五階段行動研究循環，探究「親子」於「廚房」共同進行廚房家事活動，親方學習善用「兒童為中心」親職技巧的過程。本研究採用行動研究方式，並建置5階段的行動循環計畫。第一階段為「親子共廚家庭樣貌觀察階段」，研究者以觀察主角色，參與親子共廚的家庭觀察研究，藉此深化對親子遊戲治療的理解，以及增進對親子於家庭裏實施親子共廚過程的掌握，再據此編製「親子共廚父母團體方案」。第二階段為「親子共廚父母團體方案」，主要探究本方案是否能夠有效提升父母運用「兒童中心」親職技巧的能力。此階段共招募6位成員，觀察與訪談資料收集後，採用共識分析法進行分析，結果發現：1.參與者經過8週的「兒童中心」親職技巧學習後，在鼓勵與指認技巧上發揮得較好，而追蹤行為、反應情緒及設限技巧則尚未能自在使用；2.從共廚錄影帶中發現，參與者的改變歷程，係先在「成人中心」與「兒童中心」的親職行為間擺盪，然後透過錄影帶的回顧檢視獲得領悟，最後再逐漸增加「兒童中心」的親職行為；3.「錄影回顧」方式能讓參與者檢視自身行為、體會親子雙向互動，並對孩子產生新的觀點；4.參與者使用新的親職行為能讓其自身感受到孩子的改變潛能；5.子方在錄影畫面中均展現對進入廚房烹煮的高度興趣。第三階段為「親子共廚研究者自家探究階段Ⅰ」，研究者為再次試探所編製「親子共廚父母團體方案」的效用，以自家廚房為場域，並以5歲長女為焦點小孩進行親子共廚活動，結果發現，此方案確能於家庭中實施，研究者自身與女兒均獲得益處。第四階段是「親子共廚社區推廣階段」，研究者與指導教授嘗試在社區推廣「親子共廚」活動，共計進行2梯次，每次3小時，招收12對親子參與。推廣結果發現，無論親方、子方均十分喜歡共廚過程，父母對於親子遊戲治療的親職概念產生想要持續學習的意願。第五階段則為「親子共廚研究者自家探究階段Ⅱ」，研究者再度於家庭中實施親子共廚，此次加入次子與么子，結果發現，親子共廚可以變成家庭生活的一部分，且家庭中的其他成員，如祖母、父親亦在過程產生轉變親職概念的現象。據此，本親子共廚的行動研究透過5階段的行動介入與循環，不僅發展出「親子共廚父母團體方案」，亦在社區、家庭裡建立初步的執行方式與成效，未來將可提供親職教育與本土化工作之參考。

關鍵字

親子共廚；親子遊戲治療；兒童中心

並列摘要

In this research, The theory Filial Play Therapy was based on Parents-child cook and through the research which developed a five-stage action research circular steps. The research studied that Parents-child does the housework of the kitchen together in the Kitchen. The process of learning how to make good use of the skills of Child-Centered for parents. This research used Action Rrsearch, and built five-stages circular action plan. The first stage was The Family Appearance Observation of Parents-child Cook. The researcher is as the observer to join the research of family of parents-child cooks observation. Thereby, the researcher could understand Filial Play Therapy deeply, and enhanced the skills to grasp the process of parents-child cooks together in their family. Accordingly, it made The Program of Parents-child Cook for Parents Groups. The second stage is The Program of Parents-child Cook Together for Parents Groups. The main exploration of this program, whether improve the skills effectively to use Child-Centered for parents. In this stage, the researcher found six members, and analyzed with Consensual Qualitative Research after observation and collecting the information on interviewing. As a result:○1after 8 weeks, the participant learned the skills of Child-Centered, and they were good at encouraging and identifying. However, tracking behavior, emotional reaction and limiting skills didn’t use freely.○2We could find the alter course of the participants in the video of cook -together. At the beginning, they vacillate between Adult-Centered and Child-Centered, and then got an epiphany through review the video. Finally, increasing the action of Child- Centered gradually.○3 To review video made the participants search themselves, to experience two-way actions between parent and child moreover, they have a new perspective of the child.○4 The participant used the new parental behavior made them feel the latent energy of alteration of child. ○5All the child was very interested in cooking, in the kitchen in the video. The third stage is The Parent-Child Cook Together Researcher explores at home (I). Because the researcher would like to probe for the utility of The Program of Parents-child Cook Together for Parents Groups. She was focused on her five-year-old eldest daughter, and put into practice cooking with the child in their kitchen. As the result, the program could implement at home, surely. The researcher and the daughter all got the benefits. The forth stage was The Promotion of Parent-Child Cook Together in the Community. The researcher and the advisor tried to promote Parent-Child Cook Together in the community, Two batches in all, and three hours a batch. The researcher invited 12 pairs of parent-child. In the result of the promotion, whoever, parents or children all like cooking together very much. Parents desire to keep learning Filial Play Therapy. The fifth stage is The Parent-Child Cook Together Researcher explores at home (II), The researcher implements parent-child cook together at home again, and this time she invited her two sons to join the activities. In the result, parent-child cook together could be a part of family life. In addition, the other members in the family, such as grandma and father also change the parental concept in the process. Accordingly, The research of parent-child cook together studied through five –stage action and circular. It’s not only developed The Program of Parents-child Cook Together for Parents Groups, but also got preliminary implement and effect on the community and family. It could offer to parental education and localization work to consult.