河川環境感觀指標之建立與應用

民眾對於環境的感觀通常來自於視覺及嗅覺的感受，而對水環境品質的判別也受到河岸、河面美觀因素所影響，為鼓勵民眾參與推動河川保護工作，發展出一套簡易可行、關於民眾對河川環境的感觀指標，以利迅速判斷河川受污染的嚴重程度，則有其必要性。此次研究藉著文獻的探討，參考國內外相關的研究，找出了可能最合適的研究方法：結合兩階段專家問卷。第一階段以修正式德爾菲法專家問卷確認評估因子，再以層級分析法來進行各因子的權重評估，以建立河川環境感觀指標評估表。第二階段則將專家學者回覆的問卷資料彙整為四個評估構面及二十項操作性指標。實證研究的部份是將志工至二仁溪及鹽水溪五個重要測站，進行現場監測水質的問卷調查，與行政院環保署用儀器測量的物理及化學數據所得三個月平均RPI值進行排序比較。由比較得知，民眾河川環境感觀分數與RPI值有相似的趨勢。表示藉由民眾的河川環境感觀分數能適切的反映出河川的污染情形，且可提供民眾河川環境教育與志工現場判讀的依據，及決策者河川維護與規劃決策上的參考。

關鍵字

河川環境；感觀指標；修正式德爾菲法；層級分析法

並列摘要

Long-term water monitoring of major rivers countrywide have been conducted monthly by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) to assess the river water quality. However, the sensory perception of the rivers could be different from the routine water monitoring, mostly chemical and physical parameters. Study on people’s sensory perception of river environments was expected to be critical to decision making for watershed management process. Thirty university professors, government officers, and river watchers were consulted in order to establish an index system for sensory perception of river quality by using modified Delphi method. Analytical hierarchy process was then used to calculate the weighting of each index factor. Twenty index factors, belonging to four categories, were concluded. A sensory perception investigation form, incorporating the index factors derived, was designed as a tool for volunteers in River Watch Program. As a pretest one hundred and fifty river watches used the investigation form at five major river monitoring stations in Tainan, Taiwan. The results of their visual perception of the rivers were correlated to the water quality data from the routine long-term monitoring programs of EPA. This index was proved to be useful to judge the river quality and also provide necessary perceptive information to the policy makers. In the future, this index can be further distributed to the river watch volunteers other than Tainan area.