漢字部首圖像形態研究

文字是人類進行溝通的視覺媒介，它是讓社會文明化的重要推手，有了文字的出現，人類才得以記錄歷史、傳承文化。古代的文字都是由畫演變而成，稱之為象形文字，其中包括埃及與中國的象形文字，兩者皆是用圖畫文字傳達思想，其中又以中國的文字最為特別，它是目前世界上僅存被延續以及廣泛使用的文字。漢字亦稱中文字、中國字，它主要是以形為主的文字，其部首、聲旁會連帶影響到字的形成和字義上的不同，而部首又被視為造字的基礎，熟悉漢字的字形結構，會發現到絕多數的漢字和其字形結構都是有邏輯關聯性的。本研究目的在於透過每個漢字和其部首的演變史，了解文字本身的象形意念形態和其部首之間的關係演變。本研究將漢字分為五個階層，「群、體、類、屬、部」，利用歸納分析法，依照部首屬性的不同作分類，分為三大類群，第一群體為生命體，包含了人類、植物類、動物類；第二群體為自然體，包含了自然現象類；第三群體為形象體，包含了人文地理環境類、無關實物形象類，並以內容分析法搭配圖像式的描繪分析，探討字彙與部首間的關係與涵意。研究結果發現，現今的漢字有些與當初造字時的形體相差甚遠，許多字體也有所引申而被轉注、假借其他意義，但儘管字體形體的演變差異性極大，也幾乎都有一定的脈絡可循，基本上凡是使用相同部首的漢字，通常在字義上也有相同的意思，有些文字所屬的部首即使與歸類的組別並無直接的關係，但從其字形流變也可觀察到與歸類的組別有間接上的關聯。期以本研究之結果，能讓人們了解部首與文字背後的歷史，探索文字的知性與感性，建立對文字的審美感，提升學習的效率，並且體認到漢字的美，不但是一種符號、是一種傳達意念的工具，更是一種藝術視覺美學的象徵。

關鍵字

部首；象形文字；漢字；圖像；繁體字

並列摘要

Words are visual media that human beings communicate with each other, and also an important force to civilize people’s society because people can take down the history and inherit culture with words. Almost every ancient word was developed from pictographic writings, and that’s the reason why they are called hieroglyphics. Egyptian hieroglyphics and Chinese hieroglyphics, both of which were pictographic writings, were two of the representatives. It’s worth mentioning that Chinese characters are the only ancient word that is still remaining and widely used. Hanzi, also called Zhongwenzi, Zhongguozi, or Chinese characters, are a “shape-based” word. The radical or phonics will influence the formation and meaning of a word. Radicals are regarded as the foundation of character creation, so the people who understand Hanzi’s shape structure will find that most of the Chinese characters have a strong logical relation with their radicals. The purpose of this research is to understand the relation between the Chinese characters’ pictographic shape and their radicals through the study of the evolution of each character and its radical. This study divided Chinese characters into five levels, which are “Qun, Ti, Lei, Shu, Bu” and used the inductive analysis to categorize Chinese characters into three groups, which are “Organism, Nature, and Image”. Organism includes human beings, plants, and animals. Nature includes natural phenomena. Image includes humanity, geography, environment and other non-physical images. In addition, the content analysis and visualized depiction analysis were also used to discuss the relation between the characters and their radicals. The study results are showed as follows. The shapes of some modern Chinese characters are very different from those characters’ original shapes. Many words or phrases have also been extended, mutually explained, or phonetically loaned so they have more meanings. In spite of the big transformation of character shapes, it can be still induced that the characters with a same radical will have similar meanings. Although some characters’ radicals do not have a direct relation with their category, it can be still inferred from the shape transformation that there’s an indirect relation between those characters and their category. It is expected that the results of this research can enable readers to understand the history of radicals and characters, to explore the perception and ration of characters, to establish the aesthetics of characters, and to enhance their learning efficiency. In addition, it is also anticipated that the readers can realize and appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters, and understand that the characters are not only a sign, but also a tool to convey thoughts and a symbol to show artistic visual aesthetics.