國民中小學學校辦理早餐之評估研究

均衡營養的早餐，提供我們活動的能量與精力，不但滿足人體生理的需求，也能提高學習效能。然而，國民中小學學生早餐略餐及營養不均衡的問題嚴重。在生活緊張忙碌的今日，冀望家庭恢復傳統的飲食照顧功能似乎遙不可及。效法美國的早餐計畫，透過學校供應早餐以提升學生食用早餐頻率與品質應該是當務之急，故乃運用層級分析法探討由學生所就讀之國民中小學辦理營養早餐時所需的評估因素。首先，本研究以台南地區國民中小學教師為母群體，採用開放式問卷及德菲法專家問卷，透過集體腦力激盪形成學校辦理營養早餐考量要素之共識，並據此建立評估架構，再以層級分析法，整合教師群體意見，計算各因子之權重值。研究結果發現，第二層四個評估準則權重值依次為「增強因素」（49%）、「時間因素」（28%）、「品質因素」（14%）及「經濟因素」（9%）。第三層有14個評估因子，其權重值分別為：校長態度（21.6%）、家長意願（16.6%）、親子互動（14.8%）、營養教育實施（9.2%）、供餐模式（8.7%）、教師意願（6.4%）、學校作息時間調整（4.5%）、學校設備及人力（4.5%）、學生意願（4.4%）、菜色豐富口味變化（3.2%）、辦理早餐財源與收費標準（2.3%）、營養衛生（1.5%）、辦理方式（1.1%）、弱勢學生補助（1.1%）。將各評估準則及評估因子逐項與文獻資料及美國學校早餐計畫的實務經驗相驗證，發現此評估模式有其實務上與學理上的依據，足以作為學校辦理早餐的評估準則。

關鍵字

學校早餐；增強因素；時間因素；品質因素；經濟因素

並列摘要

Nutritient and balanced breakfast provides us energy and invigo- ration which promotes academic performance and meets our physiological needs. However, we are having a serious problem in students’ breakfast skipping and nutrient imbalance. Furthermore, it is pessimistic about improving the situation that we are facing due to our daily intensive and busy lifestyle. To find a way out, implementing school breakfast shall be imperative in schools. The study adopted the Delphi and AHP methods to set up an assessment in order to investigate the feasibility of implementing school breakfast in elementary and junior high schools. First of all, Delphi method was used to collect the common opinions from the teachers working in Tainan and to establish an evaluation model by questionaire. Then, the common opinions were integrated to the AHP on weighting factor calculations. Results show that reinforcing factor, time factor, quality factor and economic factor are most important in the 2nd layer of the framwork, and the principal’s attitude weighting up to 21.6% is the key among the 14 secondary factors in the 3rd layer. Compared our findings with the literature on the school breakfast program in USA, we conclude that the assessment criterias may be used as the reference for policy making in the future.