大型客車火災煙流模擬與控制技術探討

2016年7月19日，於國道二號大園路段，一輛遊覽車突然從車頭開始起火燃燒，並在撞擊路邊護欄，因密閉空間加上濃煙密布迅速灌滿車廂，造成26人來不及逃生，當場被燒死或被濃煙等有毒氣體嗆死，是國道有史以來死傷最慘重的火燒車事件。類似的大客車火災事故，在全球各地亦時有所聞，台灣地區2001年至2016年，這十五年來共發生三十件大型客車冒煙、起火等火災事故，而受限於大客車的通道、出口、路況等的限制，對人員的逃生是一個艱鉅的挑戰。因此本研究藉由3維電腦模擬軟體Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS)，執行大型客車火災煙流模擬，深入研究大客車火災煙流於車內的擴散形式，並研擬有效排煙的方式，使人員可有充裕的時間逃生。本研究蒐集各國資料，輔以電腦數值模擬的方式，重建大園國道火災，進行乘員無法逃生的原因分析、大客車火災煙流特性，藉此得知車輛火災煙流蔓延速度、程度、嚴重性，利用相關數據來達到大客車火災時應有之控制與作為，維護大客車火災安全。

關鍵字

大客車；火災；煙流；逃生

並列摘要

On July 19, 2016, at the section of Dayuan, National Freeway 2, a tour bus suddenly began to burn from the front of the vehicle and then hit the fence. Since 26 people were too late to escape due to confined spaces plus heavy smoke. It is the most serious incident of death and injury in the history of the National Road. Similar bus fire accidents have also been heard all over the world. Taiwan 2001-2016, In the past 15 years, there have been 30 fire accidents involving large passenger vehicles, such as smoke and fire. It's hard for passengers to escape in a bus fire, due to narrow channel, limited exit, smoke propagation and road conditions. Therefore, this study uses the 3D computer simulation software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Perform a large passenger car fire smoke simulation, in-depth study of the smoke spreading of bus fire, and to develop an effective way to smoke control, So that staff can have plenty of time to escape. The research collects and analyze the data of countries and complements the computer numerical simulation to reconstruct the fire in the Dayuan State Road. analysis of the reasons why the occupants cannot escape, the characteristics of the smoke flow of the bus, In this way, we can understand the speed, extent and severity of vehicle fire and fire, and use relevant data to achieve bus fire control and action, and to maintain the fire safety of buses.