護理系學生對老年人的性知識與性態度之調查

背景與動機：性的意涵對老年人不僅是純粹性交，而是親密關係、社會文化與心理等交互因素。社會禁忌、習俗阻礙人們獲取足夠性知識，連學校教育也避談性行為，導致許多偏差看法。因此，培育護理專業的性教育是直接能降低對老年人性行為負面定型的方法之一。目的：擬探討護理系學生對老年人的性知識與性態度之調查。方法：研究採橫斷面、結構式問卷法，對象來自於中部某科技大學護理系學生，經過IRB同意後有效回收360位(有效回收率90.0%)。問卷包括基本資料、老年人性知識與性態度量表(The Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, ASKAS)。性知識之鑑別力與難度分析結果，所有題目予以保留。性態度量表之項目分析及因素分析結果，分別萃取四個共同因素，命名為性倫理、性教育、性慾望、性處置，總變異量為57.43%。性態度分量表Cronbach’s α從0.476~0.885，整體性態度量表Cronbach’s α為0.799，顯示內部一致性佳，代表具有良好的信度。統計方法採SPSS 22.0，進行描述性與推論性統計分析。結果：1.本研究結果，樣本以「女性」328人(91.1%)、「大三」學生284人(78.9%)、「未婚」344人(95.6%)、「無工作」196人(54.4%)、「道教」176人(48.9%)、「無工作經驗」196人(54.4%)、「醫院工作」81人(22.5%)最多。平均年齡21.91±3.83歲。2.學生性知識答對率53.5%。性態度平均得分為3.14±0.74。3.大三生在性態度構面「性倫理」平均得分低於大四生。信仰佛教在性知識平均得分顯著高於信仰道教、天主基督及其他。4.年齡與性知識呈顯著低度正相關。性知識與性態度及其構面呈顯著低度正相關。5.宗教信仰、性知識對性態度具有顯著預測力。結論：護理系學生有低性知識但有寬容的性態度，應多了解老年人的性需求與性議題，學校可以強化性照護健康課程，醫療機構應形塑友善老年人的環境，並改善護理人員溝通技巧應用在老年人的性議題。

關鍵字

護理系；學生；老年人；性知識；性態度

並列摘要

Background and motivation: The meaning of sex to the elderly is not only simple sexual intercourse, but intimate relationship, social culture and psychology and other interactive factors. Social taboos and customs prevent people from acquiring sufficient knowledge of sex, even school education avoid talking about sex, and leads to many deviations in the view that the elderly do not need sex, and sex is shameful, not serious things. Therefore, cultivating sex education in nursing specialty is one of the methods that can directly reduce the negative stereotyping of sexual behavior among the elderly. Purpose: To explore the investigation of sexual knowledge and attitude of nursing students to the elderly. Methods: The study used cross-sectional and structural questionnaire and subjects were from nursing department of University of Science and Technology in Central Taiwan with a total effective return of 360 after being approved by IRB. The questionnaire includes basic data, Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, ASKAS). The results of the analysis of the discrimination and difficulty of sexual knowledge were preserved on all items. The item analysis and factor analysis results of the sexual attitude scale extracted four common factors, named Sexual Ethics, Sexual Education, Sexual Desire, Sexual Disposition, and the explainable total variation was 57.43%. The Cronbach's α of sexuality attitudes subscale ranges from 0.476 to 0.885, and the Cronbach's α of sexuality attitude scale is 0.799, showing good internal consistency, which indicates good reliability. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22.0 with descriptive statistic, and reference statistic. Results: (1) Most of subjects were female (328, 91.1%), senior (284, 78.9%), married (344, 95.6%), Daoist (176, 48.9%), no nursing experience (196, 54.4%), work at hospital (81, 22.5%). The average age was 21.91±3.83 (M±SD) years old. (2) Sexual knowledge correct rate was 53.5% and the average score of sexual attitudes was 3.14±0.74 (M±SD). (3) The junior students were lower at sexual ethics of sexual attitude dimension than that of the senior students. The sexual knowledge of believers in Buddhism is higher than that of Taoists and Christian. (4) Sexual knowledge showed significantly low positive correlation with age, sexual attitudes. (5) Religious belief and sexual knowledge have significant predictive power on sexual attitudes. Conclusions: Nursing students have low sexual knowledge of the elderly but a positive attitude towards the elderly. Nursing students should understand the sexual needs and issues of older persons, schools could strengthen sexual care health courses, medical institutions should shape a friendly environment for older persons, and improve the communication skills of caregivers applied to sexual issues of older persons.