- 學位論文
清潔人員作業安全評估之研究
Surveying safety operation in the refuse collection and disposal work
摘要
清潔人員工作項目雜亂繁忙，工作環境中易暴露於物理性、化學性、生物性、人因工程之環境及操作過程中危害性，更突顯預防職業危害風險之重要性，本研究從清潔職災事件調查的相關資料、文獻探討及根據風險知覺的理論探討清潔隊高危險群在業中對周圍環境危害的警覺度和敏感度，並藉由安全意識教導對清潔隊高危險群建立安全衛生防護體系，以提昇應變防救能力，作為清潔隊風險管理上的參考。 本研究針對清潔人員做出專屬的風險評估表，以方便於清潔作業中找出潛在的危害因子並加以改善；並於收集各縣市的標準作業程序加以彙整，製作出一套較為完整的標準作業程序供清潔人員參考使用。 於檢核表方面，依據法規相關規定，由專家學者設計出一套專屬清潔作業檢核表，現場參訪各直轄縣市20處，將參訪結果整理各縣市的優缺點並製作表格，讓清潔隊管理階層於自我檢查時能參考使用，以便達到降低清潔人員職業災害的發生率。 在問卷方面，本研究依據城鄉差距、年資、講習前後來針對「災害類別」、「個人防護具」、「法規認知」、「安全認知」四個部分以Pearson卡方獨立檢定互相比較類別或分組類型進行分析，其中城鄉差距中於四個部分比較發現，災害類別部分P值0.760，個人防護具部分P值0.294，法規認知部分P值0.070，安全認知部分P值0.804，兩者在統計上並無顯著性差異；而年資部分，未滿1年(含)以下及超過1年以上於四部分的分析為，災害類別P值0.411，個人防護具P值0.133，法規認知P值0.512，安全認知P值0.616，這數據顯示年資長短影響安全知識在統計上並無顯著性差異；對安全訓練講習成果分析，災害類別P值0.000，個人防護具P值0.900，法規認知P值0.000，安全認知P值0.017，在統計上有顯著性差異，惟參加觀摩會人員法規部分總答對率19.8％，明顯低於安全訓練講習的答對率，表示教育訓練的重要性。於邏輯迴歸分析中年齡之B值為-0.348，P值0.003達到顯著水準(P＜0.01)，表示年齡愈大答對率愈差；是否受過安全講習之B值為2.118，P值0.000達到顯著水準(P＜0.01)，顯示是否受過安全講習有影響答對率。 本研究除提供各縣市環保局清潔隊於清運作業時的標準作業程序外，還提供檢核表以利於清潔隊自我檢查時的依據，更於問卷中顯示教育訓練的成效，縣市政府在辦理教育訓練時可參考那些類別較為不足而加強訓練。
並列摘要
Since 2001, the government has implemented such strategies as accident reduction mid-term program and the program of accident-decrease in working places nationwide. After the strategies implementation, the serious injuries had been effectively decreased the death rate by 53% and the disabled rate by 49% during 2001 to 2008. Based on the incident statistics compiled by Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration from 2001 to 2008, there were 4, 484 serious injuries out of a total of 30,308 sanitation workers. Although these policies seem to be successful, the injury rate was much higher than the national average for all occupations. For protecting sanitation workers from getting hurt in working places and create a safety working environment, it’s urgent to cooperate between employers, related groups and government agencies. This study aims to evaluate the risks associated with refuse collection by following the steps of job safety analysis, hazard identification and risk assessment. Questionnaire is used to analyze safety perception of the 591 sanitation workers (439 workers of not received training courses and 152 worker of received training courses) in Taiwan. The basic data of personal information, such ages, seniority, job characteristics, personal experience with training, working place (city or country) were collected. The related questions were designed to evaluate the hazard classification, the personal protective equipment, the perception of laws and the perception of safety of the 591 sanitation workers. The data from the returned questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS for Window 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Descriptive statistics was used for background information of the respondents. By Chi-square analysis, the law perception rates of the worker without receiving training courses were lower than the workers with receiving trainings. This result indicated the importance of trainings. Data analyzed by the logistic regression revealed that having received training courses and worker’s ages were the most imperative factors. These results lead to a suggestion that improve the promotion of training courses and reduce the worker’s ages on refuse collection should be important.