工作負荷、工作倦怠與生活品質之相關性研究-以臺中市衛生所為例

摘要目的：社會變遷及醫療環境的變化中，社區衛生工作也隨之轉變，造成衛生所人員業務量增加，如無法得到適當的回饋與紓解，極易導致情感衰竭及漠視人性等現象，造成生活品質降低，進而影響身心靈健康。因此，本研究目的在探討臺中市衛生所護理人員之工作負荷、工作倦怠與生活品質之相關性研究，以提供衛生決策當局之參考。方法：本研究以橫斷面、自填式問卷調查，以105年臺中市政府衛生所女性護理人員為研究對象，共發放問卷248份，有效回收223份，有效回收率89.9%。問卷內容分4個部份，包括個人基本資料表、工作負荷、工作倦怠與生活品質，以SPSS 17.0進行統計分析。結果：1.研究對象以36至40歲、已婚、1至5年年資、大學程度、護理師、非主管職、都會區居多。2.愈年輕者其工作倦怠_服務對象愈高。3.已婚者生活品質總分及社會關係優於未婚者。4.年資愈淺者其工作負荷愈重、工作倦怠¬_服務對象愈高，但生活品質總分及社會關係構面較佳；5.教育程度愈高者工作負荷努力程度構面愈高，但有較高的生活品質及生理、心理、環境等三個構面。6.正式人員在工作倦怠總分及工作、個人構面大於非正式人員，但在工作倦怠服務對象構面中主管職小於非主管職；主管職在生活品質總分及生理、心理兩大構面大於非主管職。7.都會區工作者在工作負荷、工作倦怠及生活品質其構面上均顯著大於非都會區。8.工作負荷與工作倦怠呈顯著正相關，但與生活品質呈無顯著相關性；工作倦怠與生活品質呈顯著負相關。9.工作負荷、工作倦怠對生活品質具有預測力。結論：公衛護士工作負荷重，導致工作倦怠高，因而影響生活品質，尤其都會區的公衛護士工作負荷及工作倦怠均高於非都會區，以及年輕、年資淺者工作負荷亦較高，建議衛生管理當局可適當調整人力資源分配、制定標準作業流程及強化公衛護士角色的功能，以改善公衛護士工作環境及生活品質。

關鍵字

工作負荷；工作倦怠；生活品質；公衛護士

並列摘要

Abstract Purpose: Changes in social settings and the medical environment makes the workload of community health workers also change. The reason which cause the increase of growing cases for health personnel business, are such as the inappropriate feedback and stress relief, and these lead to emotional disorders and ignore the phenomenon of humanity. All these factors result in the differences of life quality and thus affect the physical and mental health. Therefore, our aim of study is to investigate the relationship between the workload, job burnout and quality of life of nursing staffs working in Taichung City. These data provide useful information and strategies for health care decision-making authority. Methods: The questionnaire was divided into four parts: the basic information settings, the workload, the job burnout and quality of life. The arms were compared with our control groups by using SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results: Our subjects were 36 to 40 years old, married, with working experience from 1 to 5 years, holding nursing degree of college university and working as professional nurses, non-supervisor status, in metropolitan area. 2. The nurses of younger age complained more about the services they provided with the job burnout . 3. The married nurses had higher total score on quality of life and social relationship than unmarried ones. 4. The nurses with younger experience had larger workload, job burnout on the service they provided but with better total score on life quality and facet on social relationship. 5. We found out that the higher degrees of education they held, the larger workload, under higher job burden but with better life quality and all three facets about physical, psychological, and environmental issues. 6. All official staff held larger total scores on job burnout, work and personal facets than informal staff. But the facet for supervisors about services provided that cause job burnout was lesser than non-supervisors. The supervisors owns better life quality and the two facets about physical and psychological issues. 7. The nurses working in the metropolitan area are of significantly higher scores on workload, job burnout and quality of life than nurses working in the rural area. 8. There was a significant positive correlation between workload and job burnout, but of no significant correlation with life quality. It also showed negative correlation between job burnout and life quality. 9. The workload and job burnout showed a predictive value on life quality. Conclusion: The workload of community health nurses was very heavy. It caused job burnout and affected their life quality, especially for the nurses in metropolitan area who were under large burden on workload and job burnout than the nurses working in rural areas, and also the younger nurses and the nurses with less experience also showed larger workload. We suggest our government authority administratives could adjust enough manpower requirements with resource redistribution and establish all standardized operating procedures, but also the reinforcement about the roles on the functions about community health nurses. All these strategies help improve the working environment and life quality of all community health nurses.