探討PBL理論應用於彩妝精實訓練-以國家美容乙級技術士技能檢定為例（仿真訓練課程與3D教材開發）

Application of Problem-Based Learning Theory on Make-Up Training Course - An example of Level B Technician for Beauty

温棠如(Wen-Tang Ru)

指導教授 ： 李偉臣

嶺東科技大學/時尚學院/流行設計系碩士班/碩士(2022年)

摘要

本研究依據小組個案輔導的研究成果證實，「紙面具」這項教材更貼近真人臉部的立體特徵。在國家美容乙級技術士檢定的術科測驗中，有一項技能是檢測「新娘化妝設計圖」及「真人模特兒新娘化妝」的實作，於國家美容乙級檢定的規定事項中，新娘化妝設計圖除了粉底修飾以外，在眉型、眼影、眼線、鼻影、腮紅、唇型的色彩、線條與形狀都應與真人模特兒新娘化妝相符，這項規範在彩妝課程的教學上有著不小的影響力，是經常被許多的彩妝課程拿來當作教學參考與應用。然而紙圖的訓練是一門二度空間的平面繪圖設計，而真人彩妝卻是一項三度空間的立體實作，這兩者之間因空間上的差異，所採用的訓練方式也有所不同，因此紙圖的訓練應用於真人彩妝訓練所產出的結果有著矛盾關係。故本研究以問題導向學習（Problem-Based Learning, PBL）來探討在彩妝的教學裡，紙圖訓練與實務訓練兩者之間的應用與學習落差，並提出以「紙面具」這項立體素材，來改善2D紙圖的試妝，透過3D紙面具做仿真訓練上的補強。並參考地理學家傑拉杜斯·麥卡托所提出之心射投影法，作為臉部頭形的定位基礎。以立體定位的方式來重新修正臉部定位，達到正臉、斜側臉、側臉都能順利銜接的比率定位關係，藉此區隔紙圖訓練用於真人彩妝訓練的不妥。因此不但可以補足紙圖訓練用於彩妝訓練上的不足，也可以達到強化彩妝精確實務上的訓練，故「紙面具」相較於紙圖，是較適用於當作彩妝實作的精實訓練工作。

關鍵字

美容乙級技能檢定 ； 麥卡托投影法 ； 問題導向學習 ； 精實訓練

並列摘要

Based on the results of the team's case counseling, it is confirmed that the paper mask is similar to the three-dimensional characteristics of the real face. In the national Level B technician for beauty certification, one of the skills is to test the practice of "bridal makeup design drawing" and "real model bridal makeup". To pass the Level B technician for beauty certification, in addition to the foundation decoration, the bridal makeup design drawings in the eyebrow shape, eye shadow, eyeliner, nose shadow, blush, lip color, line and shape should be consistent with the real model bride makeup. This specification has a great influence on the teaching process of makeup courses. It is often used by makeup courses as a teaching reference and application. However, the training of paper drawing is a two-dimensional flat drawing design, and the real makeup is a three-dimensional practice. Due to the difference between these two, the training method used is also different. When the training of paper drawing is applied to the real makeup training, a contradictory would occur. Therefore, this study uses Problem-Based Learning to explore the application and learning gap between paper drawing training and practical training in the teaching of makeup, and proposes to use the three-dimensional material of "paper mask" to improve the makeup test of 2D paper drawings, and to supplement the simulation training through 3D paper masks. The Mercator projection proposed by geographer Gerardus Mercator is referred to as the basis to fix the position of the head shape of the face. The face positioning is re-corrected by stereotaxic, so as the connection among the ratio positioning relationship of the front face, the three quarter face and the side face can be achieved smoothly, and thus to distinguish the inappropriateness of applying paper diagram training for real makeup training. Therefore, it can not only make up for the shortcomings of paper drawing training applied for makeup training, but also achieve intensive makeup precision practice training. "Paper mask" is more suitable for intensive training work as makeup practice than paper drawing.

並列關鍵字

Level B technician for beauty ； Mercator projection ； PBL ； Intensive training

參考文獻

19. Hmelo-Silver, C. E. （2004）. Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16（3）, 235-266. doi:10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3

一、中文部分

1. 王千倖。「合作學習」和「問題導向學習」──培養教師及學生的科學創造力分（2005/2/15）。http://www.nioerar.edu.tw/basis3/28/gc8.htm

2. 林繼昌（民88）。問題導向學習教學之小班老師的角色和責任。醫學教育，1，3。

3. 計惠卿、張杏妃（2001），全方面的學習策略－問題導向學習的教學設計模式，教學科技與媒體，55：58-71。