論退休制度及再任職之法律問題

政府推動各項施政作為，公務人員的良莠扮演關鍵的角色，而吸引高素質的人才進入政府機關服務，國家給付給公務人員的報酬為重要的因素之一，而做為給付報酬內容之一的退休金，其給付是否優渥或是合理，必然也是影響人才是否進入政府服務的因素。對於公務人員的退休照顧，為政府不可推卸的責任，然而隨著人口結構的變遷及社會環境的改變，公務人員退休制度財務狀況面臨破產危機，如不進行變革，將無法繼續維持，退休公務人員面臨領不到退休金的窘境；無獨有偶，勞工的退休制度也面臨財務問題，必須進行改革才能繼續維持。公務人員退休所衍生的問題，不僅於實質退休金給付的問題，在國人退休後餘命愈來越長的情下，因退休後再就業所發生的問題，將會與日漸增，政府應檢視現有規定，讓退休人員如願再次重返職場工作時，能順利重返職場並享有完整之職業保險保障，不會因為退休身分或年齡的問題，造成就業困難。本文從公務人員退休制度切入，探討其退休後再就業所面臨的問題，並以勞工退休制度作為比較對象，藉以論證公務人員退休制度應變革之部分，同時探討與勞工退休制度合併之可行性，期能作為將來相關法規進行修正時之參考。

關鍵字

公務人員；勞工；退休制度；退休身分；退休年齡

並列摘要

The government promotes various administrative actions, and the quality of public servants plays a key role. To attract high-quality talents to serve in government, the remuneration paid by state to public servants is one of the important factors. As one of the remuneration contents – “the pension”, whether it is generous or reasonable, that must be a factor which affects talents enter government. The government’s inescapable responsibility is about the caring retirement of civil servants, however, with the changes in the population structure and social environment, the financial situation of the civil servant retirement system is facing bankruptcy crisis. If no changes are made, it will not be sustainable. Not only retired civil servants will face the dilemma of not receiving pensions but also workers will face financial problems with the retirement system. They must be reform to continue. The problems arising from the retirement of civil servants are not only related to the actual pension payment. With the people living longer and longer after retirement, the problems of re-employment after retirement will increase day by day. The government should review the existing regulations allow retirees to return to the workplace and enjoy complete occupational insurance protection when they wish to return to the workplace again, and will not cause employment difficulties due to retirement status or age. This article starts from the retirement system of civil servants, discusses the problems they face after re-employment after retirement, and takes the labor retirement system as the object of comparison, in order to demonstrate the part of the retirement system for civil servants that should be reformed and explored the feasibility of merging with the labor retirement system at the same time. It can be used as a reference when the relevant regulations are revised in the future.