臺灣各縣市經濟發展與空氣污染之關聯

本研究主要在探討臺灣地區各縣市不同產業發展是否對空氣污染物有所影響、所得因素與空氣污染物是否存在關聯性，並探討其他來源變數是否對空氣污染物有所影響。以臺灣地區各縣市為研究對象，期間為1998年至2016年間，運用行政院環境保護署「環保統計查詢網」、行政院主計總處及國家發展委員會「都市及區域發展統計彙編」之資料，以細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)、硫氧化物(SOX)、氮氧化物(NOX)為主要探討空氣污染變數，納入產業經濟變數、所得變數、環保支出變數、人口密度變數及移動汙染源變數，並將產業經濟變數分別以產值與面積比率衡量，進行縱橫資料模型中之固定效果模型分析。本研究實證結果發現，農林漁牧產業、畜產業與商業皆會對PM2.5有所影響，而農林漁牧產業與畜產業會對SOX有所影響，而畜產業與商業會對NOX有所影響，代表產業發展會對空氣污染物有所影響。就臺灣縣市別觀察，PM2.5以高雄市、花蓮縣、臺中市與新北市相較其他縣市為高；SOX以高雄市、花蓮縣、臺中市與雲林縣相較其他縣市為高；而NOX則是以高雄市、臺中市與新北市相較其他縣市為高。另外，本研究實證結果發現，所得變數對空氣汙染物的效果並不顯著，代表所得因素與空氣污染物並無關聯性，因此不支持環境顧志耐曲線(Environmental Kuznets curve, EKC)的假說。

關鍵字

空氣污染物；產業發展；縱橫資料；固定效果模型

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a correlation between economic development and air pollutants in Taiwan. Besides, this study also analyzes what other possible factors would cause air pollutants. This research uses the fixed effect model in the panel data model and the data cover the period 1998-2016 in Taiwan. The empirical results show that the industrial development has a significant impact on air pollutants. In particular, the agricultural, livestock farming and business industries have negative effects on air quality. The impacts of PM2.5 in Kaohsiung City, Hualien County, Taichung City and New Taipei City are greater than other counties, while the effects of SOX in Kaohsiung City, Hualien County, Taichung City and Yunlin County are greater than other counties. As for the effects of NOX, the impacts are greater in Kaohsiung City, Taichung City and New Taipei City. In addition, the empirical results indicate that the income variable has no significant effects on air pollutants. Thus, these results do not support the hypothesis of Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC).