美中貿易戰衝突下雲林縣中小企業經營環境分析與因應策略- 以食品製造業為例

本研究旨在探討美中貿易戰下國內中小企業經營環境分析及其因應策略，研究方法採用資料蒐集法、半結構性訪談法，透過企業口頭回答針對政治面向、經濟面向、社會面向及科技面向四個構面，採用PEST經營環境分析進行個案分析與綜合討論。所欲達成之研究目的包括：分析美中貿易戰衝突對台灣中小企業經營環境之影響與探討美中貿易戰衝突下雲林縣中小企業的因應策略。研究結果顯示：(一)在政治面向上，企業者不覺得受到美中貿易戰之影響，凡而是受害於台灣的政治傾向；(二)美中貿易戰衝突對台灣中小企業經營環境之影響，主要在於原物料漲幅與通膨關係，對於雲林縣傳統食品製造業的影響層面有限；(三)對於政府因應美中貿易戰所提出的「投資台灣三大方案」，絕大多數企業者不熟悉或感受到無幫助；(四)將現代化科技運用於生產並不普遍。　　根據研究結果提出五點建議：(一)原物料漲幅影響存在不確定因素，原物料提高庫存量避免，國際運費企業成本增加，適當的庫存量可以避免；(二)兩岸關係存在著政治遠大於經濟，建議企業避免把雞蛋放在同樣籃子裡，政治風險很高容易傷到企業；(三)越南有人口紅力與GNP在3000美元，加上越南消費力大於其他東南亞市場，建議企業適度的布局越南避開風險；(四)智慧化與自動化是趨勢，把一些生產線適度的智慧化與自動化來解決人力不足的問題；(五)引進新血加入企業的團隊，企業與雲林縣的大學產學合作來解決人才招募問題。

關鍵字

美中貿易戰衝突；經營策略；台灣；中小企業

並列摘要

At present, many scholars and experts have put forward suggestions from different perspectives on how to adjust operating strategies for Taiwanese enterprises in mainland China to survive and develop. However, suggestions for Taiwanese or Taiwanese-funded enterprises have been absent. Based on this, this research aims to explore the analysis of the domestic SME business environment and its corresponding strategies under the US-China trade war. Using PEST business environment analysis and semi-structured interview methods, the research objectives to be achieved include: (1) Analysis of the US and China The impact of the trade war conflict on the operating environment of Taiwan's small and medium-sized enterprises and (2) explore the countermeasures of Yunlin County's small and medium-sized enterprises under the US-China trade war conflict. The research method adopts data collection method and interview method, and conducts case analysis and comprehensive analysis on the four aspects of political, economic, social, and technological aspects (PEST) through oral answers of enterprises. The research results show that: (1) Politically, business owners do not feel affected by the US-China trade war, but are generally affected by Taiwan’s political tendencies; (2) The main impact of the US-China trade war conflict on the operating environment of Taiwan’s small and medium-sized enterprises lies in the relationship between the increase in raw materials and inflation, which has a limited impact on the traditional food manufacturing industry in Yunlin County; (3) Regarding the "three major plans for investment in Taiwan" proposed by the government in response to the US-China trade war, most business owners are unfamiliar or feel helpless; (4) It is not common to apply modern technology to production. Based on the research results, five suggestions are put forward: (1) Owing to uncertain factors in the impact of the increase in raw materials, the increase in inventory of raw materials can be avoided, and the cost of international freight companies will increase, and appropriate inventory can be avoided. (2) In cross-strait relations, politics is far greater than economics. It is recommended that companies avoid putting eggs in the same basket. Political risks are high and companies can easily be hurt. (3) Vietnam has a demographic dividend and a GNP of US$3,000, and Vietnam’s consumption power is greater than other Southeast Asian markets. It is recommended that companies deploy appropriately in Vietnam to avoid risks. (4) Wisdom and automation are the trends, and some production lines should be appropriately intelligent and automated to solve the problem of manpower shortage. (5) Introducing new blood to join the company's team is the opportunity to solve the problem of talent recruitment.