國產巴西蘑菇之營養成分及重金屬污染之研究

本研究在於探討國產巴西華品 (Agaricus blazei Murrill)子實體之營養成分及重金屬含量並暸解巴西蘑菇栽培至出菇過程所用之覆土基質、灌溉用水、溫度、濕度及二氧化碳含量與營養成分及重金屬之相關性。採集國產巴西蘑菇子實體分別經由熱烘及凍乾處理後，分析其營養成分包括水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纖維、碳水化合物、礦物質與重金屬含量。巴西蘑菇菌株分別為本國菌株:L04、 L05、 L06(來自大陸)及 L07(來自日本).進一步分析不同溫度及培養基對四株巴西蘑菇菌株之菌絲生長影響，所得菌絲最適生長溫度為 24°C (L05典 L07)及 28°C (L04典 L06)。上述菌株分別利用不同覆土包括壤土(loam)、紅土(eed soil)、泥炭土(peat)及紅土與泥炭土混合物，進行覆土管理，藉以分析其產量典重金屬含量。營養成分平均結果為:水分: 6.91-7.95%、灰分: 7.83-8.34%、粗蛋白: 22.20-23.17%、粗脂肪: 3.86-4.85%、粗纖維: 6.01-7.17%、碳水化合物 56.97-59 .5 8%及硫: 50.4-124.3 mg/ l00g、磷: 675.0-887.0 mg/100g、鈉: 45.0-206.4 mg/ l00g、鉀: 2858.5-3320.3 mg/ 100g、鈣: 26.0-30.2 mg/ 100g、鎂: 91.2-100.2 mg/ 100g、鐵: 8.7-12.6 mg/ 100g、錳: 0.6-0.7 mg/ l00g、銅: 4.4-5.9 mg/ l00g、鋅: 9.4-12.0 mg/ 100g、硼: 0.3-0.4 mg/ 100g、鋁:16.8-17.5mg/l00g°重金屬含量鉻: 0.54-0.65 ppm、鎳: 0.07-0.13 ppm、砷: 0.73-2.52 ppm、鎘: 4.71-5.12 ppm、汞: 0.10-0.11 ppm、鉛: 0.80-1.24 ppm。出菇產量以 L07菌株搭配D來源壤土之總產量最好為24.1 g/bag'其餘依序~L05菌株&D壤土為 15.8 g/bag、 L06菌株&D壤土為 12.8 g/bag等，總產量最低為L07菌株搭配 C來源、紅土與泥炭土混合為4g/bag，由實驗可知D來源壤土適合栽培巴西蘑菇使用。此外，栽培還需注意菇舍環境、太空包基質、水源及溫度等。本試驗結果可提供巴西蘑菇商業化之安全生產模式。

關鍵字

巴西蘑菇；營養組成；重金屬

並列摘要

This study focuses on the nutrient and heavy metal contents of the domestic Agaricus blazei Murrill and the relationships amongst casing materials, irrigation water, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide during the cultivation stage. The harvested domestic A. blazei fruiting bodies were divided into two groups, and each group was dried by means of either heat or frozen treatment. Then, the analysis of the contents of water, ash, crude protein, crude fat, cure fiber, carbohydrate, and heavy metal of the fruiting body was conducted. This research further analyzed the effect on mycelia growth of the four A. blazei strains (L04, L05, L06 from China, and L07 from Japan) under different temperature and cultivation media. An analysis of biomass and heavy metal contents was also conducted on the four test strains cultivated with different casing materials including loam, red soil, peat, and a mixture of red soil and peat. The results from this analysis show the optimum temperatures for cultivation of A. blazei mycelia with potato dextrose agar were 24℃ for strains L05 and L07 and 28℃ for strains L04 and L06. The data further demonstrate the various nutrient levels being: Water, 6.91-7.95 % ; Ash, 7.838.34% ; Crude protein, 22.2O23.l7% ; Crude fat, 3.86-4.85% ; Cure fiber, 6.Ol7.l7% ; Carbohydrate, 56.9759.58% ; S, 50.4-424.3 mg/lOOg; P, 675.0-887.0 mg/l00g ; Na, 45.O2O6.4 mg/l00g ; K, 2858.53320.3 mg/l0g ; Ca, 26.O3O.0 mg/l0g ; Mg, 9l.2l0.2 mg/l00g ; Fe, 8.7-42.6 mg/l00g ; Mn, 0.6-0.7 mg/l00g ; Cu, 4.4-5.9 mg/l00g ; Zn, 9.4-42.0 mg/bog; B, 0.3-M.4 mg/bOg ; Al, 16.8-17.5 mg/l00g. The data also show the heavy metal content levels being: Cr, 0.54¡X0.65 ppm ; Ni, 0.07-0.13 ppm; As, 0.73-2.52 ppm; Cd, 4.71-5.12 ppm ; Hg, 0.10-0.11 ppm; Pb, 0.80-4.24 ppm. Biomass productivity level is the highest with strain L07 cultivated in loam D at 24.lg/bag. The other cultivation pairs were strain L05 and loam D at 15.8g/bag, strain L06 and loam D at 12.8 g/bag, and fmafly stain L07 cultivated in a mixture of red soil and peat produces the least amount of biomass at 4 g/bag. This experiment shows loam D is ideal for the cultivation of A. blazei. Additionally, elements such as cultivation room condition, sawdust quality, and water and temperature all require careful attention during the cultivation stage. In short, the results and the data obtained through this study can provide the vital information needed for the building of a safe cultivation model for the commercialization of A. blazei in the future.

並列關鍵字

Agaricus blazei Murill ； nutrient composition ； heavy metal

參考文獻

Chang, H. L., Chao, G. R., Chen, C. C., and Mau, J. L. 2001. Non-volatile taste components of Agaricus blazei, Antrodia camphorate and Cordyceps miitaris mycelia. Food Chemistry 74 : 203-207.

Firenzuoli F., G. L., and Lombardo G. 2007. The Medicinal Mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill Review of Literature and Pharmaco-Toxicological Problems. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Review 4(1): 1-13.

Guo, L. Q., Lin, J. Y., and Lin, J. F. 2007. Non-volatile components of several novel species of edible fungi in China. Food Chemistiy 100: 643-649.

Karen H. Antman. 2001. Introduction: the history of arsenic trioxide in cancer therapy. Oncologist 6 :1-2.

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國產巴西蘑菇之營養成分及重金屬污染之研究

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