台灣地區不同世代女性婚前性態度及婚前性歷程之研究

Comparison of two cross-sectional studies on premarital sexual atttitude and premarital sexual trajectory among women of different generations in Taiwan Area

徐美雀(Mei-Chueh Shu)

指導教授 ： 張明正 ； 廖宏恩

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

本研究旨在探討台灣地區在社會變遷現代化過程中，不同出生世代育齡婦女婚前性態度、婚前性歷程(婚前性行為、婚前懷孕、未婚生子)之差異及其影響因子，且進一步探討女性之性歷程趨勢及盛行情形。研究所涉及之基本假設是：個人之態度和行為主要受個人本身 及外在力量之影響，受家庭影響較小。此假設係利用台灣具有代表性之大樣本加以驗證。 截至目前，相較於西方國家，台灣少女發生婚前性關係顯然仍相當少，台灣的新婚婦女自述除了和未婚夫之外，很少和其它男人有過性關係，而未婚生子也仍是非常低。 雖然如此，仍有些調查結果及趨勢值得一提，列示如下: 一、 不同出生世代之已婚女性，其婚前性態度、婚前懷孕、婚前性行為有顯著差異；愈年輕者，其婚前性態度持較開放之看法，婚前懷孕及婚前性行為之比率也較高；至於未婚生子方面，呈現統計不穩定結果。 二、 1998年未婚女性之婚前性態度，年輕者(20-26歲)與年長者(27-33歲)間無顯著差異。 三、 1998年年齡較輕(20-26歲) 之已婚者和未婚者間，其婚前性態度有顯著差異；年齡較長(27-33歲) 之已婚者和未婚者間，其婚前性態度卻無顯著差異。 四、 同一年代結婚年齡不同(20歲以下結婚及21歲以上結婚)之已婚女性，於婚前懷孕、婚前性行為有顯著差異，愈早婚者，婚前懷孕、婚前性行為比率較高，但在婚前性態度及未婚生子方面，不論幾歲結婚(20歲以下就結婚或21歲以上才結婚)之女性卻無 明顯差異。 五、 不同出生世代已婚女性之結婚、性行為、懷孕、生子趨勢：愈年輕之已婚女性性歷程發展趨勢由傳統的結婚→性行為→懷孕→生子，逐漸發展為性行為→懷孕→生子→結婚之開放趨勢。 六、 1986年「婚前懷孕」、「婚前性行為」受「個人因素-本身特性、學經歷」、「現代化指標」影響較大，而1986年「婚前性行為」還受「家庭背景」顯著影響；1998年「婚前懷孕」、「婚前性態度」主要受共同因素「個人因素-本身特性、學經歷」影響，但 「現代化指標」對於1998年「婚前懷孕」、「婚前性態度」並無顯著之影響力。 綜合上述得知，1986 年之研究結果：已婚女性之婚前性行為、婚前懷孕受「個人因素-本身特性-學經歷」、「現代化指標」影響大，符合本研究假設；但1986 年之「婚前性行為」還受「家庭背景」顯著負向影響，與假設不符，乃因1986 年台灣正處於工業化起步階段，故家庭對女性之態度及行為方面還是有舉足輕重之影響力。至於1998 年研究結果，已婚女性之婚前性態度及婚前懷孕並不再受「現代化指標」之影響；換言之，已婚女性之工作所得之分配、婚姻自主性及女性對於傳宗接代、理想子女數之生育看法，甚至對於兩性平權觀等等衡量現代化指標的看法趨於一致，以致現代化指標對於1998 年婦女 之婚前性態度、婚前懷孕已無顯著之影響力，未能支持本研究假設，推測原因為1998年台灣已進入「均質民主化」(homogenous democracy)的現代狀態；而影響1998 年婦女之婚前性態度、婚前懷孕之主要共同因素為「個人因素-本身特性、學經歷」此項變數，此外，1998 年已婚婦女之婚前懷孕還受「婚前性態度」之正向顯著影響。

關鍵字

世代 ； 社會變遷 ； 現代化指標 ； 婚前性態度 ； 婚前性歷程

並列摘要

The study aims at observing the premarital sexual attitude of reproductive women of different generations and their premarital sexual trajectory (including premarital sex, premarital pregnancy, and premarital birth)under the vicissitude of demography, as well as finding factors that influence premarital sexual attitude and their premarital sexual trajectory . Furthermore, we try to present their premarital sexual trajectory trends and prevalence. The basic hypothesis is that individual attitude and behavior is strongly influenced by personal and outside forces, but is weakly affected by family background. The hypothesis was tested by a large and representative sample in Taiwan.
In contrast with west country, the premarital sexual experience are apparently still relatively low among Taiwanese teenagers, and very few Taiwanese brides say that they have had sexual relationships with anyone besides their husband-to-be. Meanwhile, out-of-wedlock childbearing is still low.
Nevertheless, some of findings are worthy to mention. They are listed as follows:
1. There are significant differences in premarital sexual attitude, premarital sex and premarital pregnancy among different generations of married women. The youngers had substantially permissive attitudes toward intimate behavior before marriage than those of older women. As this result, the youngers were more likely to have premarital sex and premarital pregnancy than did the older ones. But the statistical outcome is not steady in premarital birth.
2. There is no significant difference in premarital sexual attitude, among 20-26 ages and 27-33 ages for unmarried women in 1998.
3. There is significant difference among married and unmarried women whose are 20-26 ages in premarital sexual attitude, but no significant difference among married and unmarried women whose are 27-33 ages.
4. In the same era, married women who married early have significantly higher premarital pregnancy rate and premarital sex rate than that of women who married late. But those phenomena didn’t show the same pattern in premarital sexual attitude and premarital birth.
5. The sexual life sequence shifts from traditional pattern (ie. marriage, sexual behavior, pregnancy, and giving birth) to modern one ie: sexual behavior→pregnancy→giving birth→marriage.
6. In 1986, married women were strongly influenced by modern indicator and personal charecteristics and her education as well as working experience in premarital sex and premarital pregnency. Beside, premarital sex were also affected by family background in 1986. As well in 1998, However, modern indicators were not related to premarital sexual attitude and premarital pregnancy.
To sum up, the outcome of 1986 data cope up with hypothesis. In other words, married women were strongly influenced by modern indicator and personal factors in premarital sex and premarital pregnency. Beside, premarital sex were also affected by family background due to Taiwan was the beginning of industry in 1986. But the study outcome of 1998 data showed that married women were no longer influenced by modern indicators due to homogenous democracy in premarital sex attitude and premarital pregnancy. More specifically, there was consensus regarding the distribution of income, self-determination of marriage, the choice of number and gender of children, and gender equal right among married women in 1998. Therefore, it couldn’t support our research hypothesis about influence of modern indicator was weak, leaving the personal charecteristics and her education as well as working experience in the influence circle. Beside, premarital pregnancy were also affected by premarital sexual attitude in 1998, both were positive correlation.

並列關鍵字

generation ； social change ； modern indicator ； premarital sexual attitude ； premarital sexual trajectory

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