本研究針對臺灣地區67歲以上的老人進行三年的追蹤,以瞭解老年人的跌倒比率以及臺灣地區老年人跌倒與重複跌倒的危險因子;跌倒的定義為過去一年內有跌倒或是摔倒者,若跌倒或摔倒次數大於兩次則稱之為重複性跌倒。 資料來源為臺灣地區中老年保健與生涯規劃研究調查---1996年及1999年得長期追蹤研究。研究對象於1996年為67歲追蹤至1999年時70歲以上老人共2157位。分析的方法使用了頻率、百分比、卡方檢定及邏輯迴歸分析。 本研究重要發現如下:台灣地區老人過去一年的跌倒比率為19.5%,老人過去一年的重複性跌倒佔跌倒者比率39.9%。跌倒的危險因子有女性、ADL有失能、IADL有失能、ADL身體功能改變、有憂鬱症狀者、有使用柺杖者容易跌倒;重複跌倒的危險因子有日常生活活動功能有障礙者、因為害怕跌倒而減少外出。 依據研究結果,建議未來的研究以1999年的跌倒經驗繼續持續追蹤,使國內跌倒研究的因果關係能更趨完善,及改用實地訪查的方式觀察環境因子的改善對於預防跌倒及重複跌倒的功效;在政策上的建議為老人要多運動,衛生局人員、住民家人、社工人員多關懷有憂鬱症狀者並提供居家環境改善的諮詢,以預防日後跌倒事件的發生。
Old people over 67 in Taiwan were traced for a period of three years in this research for an understanding of the rate of falling down and risk factors of falling and recurrent fall for the elderly people in Taiwan. The source of data was based on the third major interview survey for the investigation on health care and career planning of the middle to old age people in Taiwan (1996) and the fourth major interview survey for the long-term tracing investigation of physical, mental, social and living conditions of the mid and elderly in Taiwan (1999). The subject of study was 2,157 senile citizens of 67 years old in 1996 who were over 70 in 1999.Logistic regression analysis was used to test the effect of each independent variable. Important findings of this research are as follows: The rate of falling down in the past year for the old people in Taiwan was 19.5% ,and the recurrent fall in the all faller was 39.9%. Risk factors of falling down consist of gender (female), obstacles of ADL, hindrances of IADL, a melancholy inclination and use of canes. Risk factors of recurrent fall consist of obstacles of ADL, fear fall and wouldn’t went outside. According to the study results, it will suggested that follow-up tracing based on falling experiences in 1999 can be applied to researches in the future so that the domestic studies on causal relationship can be more complete. For policies, it will suggested elder could do exercise and public health service, family and social worker could help depressed elder to eliminate falling down. Public health service could provide how to improve elder home to better to prevent falling.