織襪產業生產體制之研究－以彰化縣社頭鄉地方特色產業為例

The Production System of Hosiery Industry－The Case Study of Local Industry in She-Tou

劉嘉惠(Liu Chia-Hui)

指導教授 ： 劉子琦

亞洲大學/管理學院/國際企業學系碩士班/碩士(2009年)

摘要

彰化縣社頭鄉織襪產業發展逾50年來，雖然歷經產業外移、訂單退減、技術升級等轉折，卻沒有因此受到衝擊，反而形成完整的產業聚落，吸引許多國內外公司到此尋找投資與合作夥伴。根據2008年經濟部對於國內織襪廠商、產量與銷售量的統計，全台共有160家織襪廠商，其中有142家分佈於彰化縣，114家集中在社頭鄉。近十年織襪總產量為一億四千萬打，社頭鄉所佔產量就高達一億七百萬打，可見社頭鄉織襪產業的重要性。目前台灣織襪產業銷售市場以外銷為主，從2001年到2008年，外銷市場的產量超過總值的一半佔60％，而內銷市場受到襪類進口競爭的影響只佔40％。面對中國與東南亞國家低生產成本的競爭，被視為「夕陽產業」的織襪產業，卻沒有因為環境的影響導致沒落或消失，至今仍存在於彰化縣社頭鄉，形成具有地方特色的產業聚落與文化。
為探討其中原因，本文以質性研究為取向採歷史文獻回顧、參與觀察與深度訪談之方法，針對彰化縣社頭鄉織襪產業廠商進行個案研究。訪談對象則選取從業時間已有20餘年的織襪業者與專業代工業者，探討社頭鄉織襪產業的生產體制如何面對環境的衝擊而生存迄今。
經過訪談分析歸納後發現，將以「技術」、「人際網絡」、「勞動價值觀」、「產業環境」四項構面討論社頭鄉織襪產業之運行，織襪業者大量運用機器自動化製程，使得製造工序得以切細化，也使得外包制度更形容易，再加上因自動化後的技術使得進入門檻不高，投入家庭代工不難，因而逐步發展出專業代工廠雲集的地方特色產業聚落。另一方面，如此的產業聚落也讓從事接單業者，得以充分利用部份外包與完全外包的方式將協力廠商整合，使生產機制能馬上反應接單、快速出貨，形成為社頭鄉織襪產業的優勢。

關鍵字

地方特色產業 ； 社頭鄉織襪產業 ； 生產體制 ； 產業聚落 ； 外包制度

並列摘要

Hosiery industry of Shetou Township in Changhua County, the development of more than 50 years, although after the relocation industry, reduced orders, technical upgrades, such as a turning point, but not under attack, but a complete settlement of the hosiery industry, attracting many domestic and foreign companies here seek investment and cooperation. The face of China and Southeast Asian countries with low production costs of the competition, be regarded as a "sunset industry" of the hosiery industry, but not because of the environment caused by the decline or disappear, so far is still Shetou Township, Changhua County to form a local cluster of industries and culture.
According to the Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2008 for domestic hosiery manufacturers, production and sales statistics, a total of 160 Taiwan manufacturers stockings, and 142 located in Changhua County, and its focus on the 114 Shetou Township. The hosiery productive of decade is one hundred forty million. The share of rural Shetou production one hundred seven million as much as can be seen Shetou the importance of rural hosiery industry. Hosiery industry in Taiwan for export market, from 2001 to 2008, exports 60% of the gross output of more than half the domestic hosiery by the impact of import competition accounted for only 40%.
In this paper, qualitative research-oriented literature mining history analysis, in-depth interviews and participant observation methods, in view of Shetou Township, Changhua County hosiery industry case studies. Practitioners interviewed were selected more than 20 years has been the time of the hosiery industry and the professional who on behalf of industry to explore the rural Shetou hosiery production system how to face and survive the impact of the environment so far.
After the interview analysis revealed that induction will be "technical", "industrial environment", "network", "labor values" to discuss the four dimensions of rural Shetou run hosiery industry, hosiery manufacturers make extensive use of process automation equipment made to cut refining manufacturing processes, but also makes the system more vulnerable to outsourcing, coupled with the post-automation technology because of barriers to entry are not high, it is not difficult to put the family foundry, which the progressive development of professional gathering on behalf of the local plant industry settlement. On the other hand, this settlement also allows the industry to engage in industry orders, to take full advantage of outsourcing and full outsourcing of part of the way third-party integration, so that the production mechanism can immediately respond to orders, fast shipping, and form for Shetou Township hosiery industry advantage.

並列關鍵字

Hosiery Industry of Shetou Township ； Local Industry ； integration ； AND ； Production Systems ； Industrial Cluster ； Outsourcing System

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