跨理論模式與戒菸自我效能的驗證-以國軍某單位吸菸者為例

An Empirical Test of the Trans-Theoretical Model and Smoking Cessation Self-Efficacy

彭文儀(Wen-Yi Peng)

指導教授 ： 董和銳

亞洲大學/健康學院/健康管理研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究主要目的在於欲瞭解Prochaska所提出的跨理論模式（Trans-Theor-etical Model；TTM）中行為改變階段、自我效能、決策權衡及改變方法四大結構概念應用在台灣國軍官兵戒菸行為之可行性。
本研究設計為橫斷式調查研究，研究測量工具為國防醫學院公共衛生學系取得之「93年度國軍菸害防制計畫」之資料庫，研究對象共計593名吸菸者。測量變項主要包括：自我效能、行為改變階段、決策權衡、改變方法及戒菸障礙。
結果發現：（1）國軍官兵之行為階段無意圖戒除期佔47.9%、意圖戒除期佔41.5%、準備戒除期佔10.6%。（2）國軍官兵之戒菸障礙在不同戒菸行為階段略有不同。（3）抵抗吸菸的自我效能得分上，越處於後階段（如準備期）之國軍官兵得分會逐漸高於前階段者（如無意圖期）。（4）國軍官兵處於不同階段者在決策權衡（pros、cons）及改變方法得分上均有顯著差異。
基於本研究結果，證實跨理論模式應用於國軍官兵是可行且有效的，對於不同戒菸階段之國軍官兵應提供適用於該階段之介入措施；最後本研究依據研究結果進行討論且針對國軍官兵實質的應用與未來研究方向提出建議，提供日後運用跨理論模式進行國軍菸害防制介入之依據與參考。

關鍵字

跨理論模式 ； 戒菸 ； 戒菸障礙 ； 軍人

並列摘要

Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death. Smoking has been linked to a variety of diseases and it plays a causal role in the etiology of lung cancer, coronary heart disease, and other disorders. A great number of lives could be saved if smoking could be prevented. Many theories and models have been developed to understand the smoking behavior. The Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) states that behavior change is a process rather than an event. The process involves progress through a series of stages. The purpose of this study was to empirically test the validity of the TTM when applying to a group of smokers and to understand the relationships between self-efficacy and the TTM constructs.
Our study sample came from a part of a large cross-sectional survey regarding tobacco use among the military personnel in Taiwan, which was conducted in 2004. A total of 593 heavy smokers were identified and a structural questionnaire was administered to collect information on these smokers’ self-efficacy, TTM-related constructs, and impediments in quitting cigarettes.
Our findings include: (1) most of the smokers were in the pre-contemplation stage (47.9%); (2) subjects at different stages have a different smoking cessation impediments profiles; (3) The self-efficacy scores in resistance to smoking were significantly higher among the subjects who were at the latter stages, when compared to those at the earlier stages; (4) subjects who were at different stages of readiness in quitting smoking varies significantly in their decision balance scores, pros and cons score, and process of change scores.
Based on these results, we conclude that the TTM is a useful and valid model in terms of differentiates smokers’ readiness into meaning stages. The TTM can be used to guide future smoking cessation interventions and to provide a process of change guideline. For different smokers at different stages, specific processes and principles of change should be applied.

並列關鍵字

Trans-Theoretical Model ； smoking cessation ； impediments ； military personnel

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