具協調機制之多階層供應鏈產銷整合模式-以台灣農產品鏈為例

An Integrated Production and Distribution Model with Coordination Mechanisms in a Multi-Level Supply Chain - The Case of Agricultural Product Chains in Taiwan

張言暘(Yen-Yang Chang)

指導教授 ： 邱煥能

亞洲大學/管理學院/經營管理學系碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

由於全球產業環境劇烈的改變，企業的競爭不再是企業對企業，而是供應鏈對供應鏈的競爭。如今台灣有些產業競爭力不如其它國家的產業，面臨全球性的競爭，企業為了能夠生存，產業供應鏈的分工、協調與整合面臨嚴重的考驗與變革，有效地建立產業供應鏈協調機制，整合產業鏈上、中、下游成員之相關供料、生產、配銷規劃與活動，降低庫存風險及成本壓力，達到供應鏈夥伴互利互惠目標，已日益受到產業界的重視。本研究發展一個具數量折扣協調機制之多階層供應鏈產銷整合數學規劃模式。本模式考量多階層樹狀結構、各階層有多個成員和有限計畫期之供應鏈系統，在符合供應容量限制和滿足所有成員各期需求量的情況下，作出適當之訂購數量折扣決策，使得供應鏈總成本（包含訂購成本、購買成本、運輸成本和儲存成本）最小化，典型範例分別利用非線性數學規劃軟體(LINGO)與啟發式基因演算法軟體(Gene Hunter)求解。在實驗設計中，首先使用上述典型範例分析基因演算法各項參數(例：母體大小、突變率…等)的變化對最佳解的影響，在使用10個測試範例比較LINGO解和基因演算法解值之差異，以及兩者的求解效能。最後再以台灣農產品供應鏈實務案例佐以說明，提供實務界與學術界在解決供應鏈協調機制問題時的重要參考依據。

關鍵字

供應鏈 ； 協調機制 ； 數量折扣 ； 數學規劃模式 ； 基因演算法

並列摘要

As the global industry environment changes drastically, business competition is no longer a business to business, but one supply chain competes with another supply chain in the same industry. Today, the competitiveness in some Taiwanese industries is inferior to that in their corresponding foreign industries. In the face of the global competition, enterprises must strive to survive. The division of work, coordination and integration in the industrial supply chain encounter a serious challenge with the fast change. All members in the upper, middle, and down streams of a supply chain should closely cooperate together to establish effective coordination mechanisms. These coordination mechanisms can integrate the planning and management activities of these members in all aspects of the supply, production and distribution. The purpose is to reduce inventory risks and cost pressures in order to achieve mutually beneficial goals. The issue of coordination mechanisms has received increasing attention from practitioners. This paper proposes an integrated production and distribution mathematical programming model with quantity discounts coordination mechanisms in a multi-level supply chain. In the proposed model, the multi-level arborescent structure, multiple members in each level, and the finite planning horizon are considered. Under the constraint of supply capacity and the satisfaction of the total demand of all members in each period, appropriate order decisions are made in order to minimize the total supply chain cost, including the total ordering cost, the total purchasing cost, the total transportation cost, and the total inventory holding cost. A typical example is solved by a nonlinear mathematical programming software (i.e., LINGO) and a genetic algorithm software (i.e., Gene Hunter), respectively. In the experimental design, this paper first uses the typical example to analyze the impact of the genetic algorithm parameters (i.e., population size, mutation rate ... etc.) on the optimal solution. Then, this study uses 10 test problems to compare the solutions and required CPU times obtained from the genetic algorithm and LINGO. Finally, the case of Taiwanese agricultural product chains is studied and accompanied by explanation. The results of the case study can provide important references for practical and academic persons who intend to design and implement supply chain coordination mechanisms.

並列關鍵字

supply chain ； coordination mechanisms ； quantity discounts ； mathematical programming model ； genetic algorithms

參考文獻

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