苗栗地區老年人的飲食行為與慢性疾病之相關因素探討

Dietary Behaviors and Chronic Diseases with Associated Factors for Elderly in Maioli Taiwan

林雯婷(Wen-Ting Lin)

指導教授 ： 張明正 ； 邱政元

亞洲大學/健康學院/長期照護研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

背景與目的：現代國人越來越注重飲食，也是造成慢性疾病的重要原因之一。本研究目的欲了解苗栗地區老年人的身體質量指數、營養知識、飲食行為與慢性疾病之關係。
研究方法：本研究採用2005年國科會計畫「台灣老人之成功老化研究：介入計畫與評估」調查資料進行分析，對象為苗栗地區之65歲以上的社區老人（n=391）。飲食行為變項包括飲食健康問題、六大類食物攝取狀況及飲食習慣。慢性疾病包括高血壓、骨關節疾病（風濕、關節炎或痛風）、心臟病及糖尿病。分析方法採卡方檢定、複迴歸及邏輯式迴歸分析。
研究結果：在飲食行為相關因素部分，經卡方分析後，年齡與飲食健康問題有相關；性別和經濟狀況與六大類食物攝取有相關；教育程度與飲食習慣有關，居住地區和營養知識，與六大類食物攝取和飲食習慣有關。在慢性疾病的相關因素方面，經複迴歸分析後，女性、年齡較大、BMI值越高、飲食健康越有問題者、六大類食物未每天完全攝取者及飲食習慣越好者，罹患慢性疾病的數目就越多。經邏輯式迴歸分析後，年齡70-74歲及80歲以下，BMI值越高，罹患高血壓的機會越高；女性比男性，有心臟病者，患骨關節疾病的機會較大；飲食健康問題越多者，有骨關節疾病者患心臟病的機會較高；飲食習慣越好，有眼睛疾病者，患糖尿病的機會較高。
結論與建議：營養知識與飲食行為之間的關係頗大，故應加強飲食知識的教育。但兩者對慢性疾病的影響可能並非短期可見，建議未來應以長期追蹤研究探討其關係。

關鍵字

社區老人 ； 身體質量指數 ； 飲食行為 ； 慢性疾病

並列摘要

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to examine association of Body Mass Index, nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviors, and chronic diseases among elderly in Miaoli County.
Methods. Data was from the “Successful Aging of the Elderly: Intervention and Evaluation” 2005. The participants were those who aged 65 or higher in the community of Miaoli County ( n=391 ). Dietary behaviors were including health dietary problems, six food group intake condition, and dietary habits. Chronic diseases were including hypertension, joint and bone diseases (arthritis, rheumatism, or gout), heart disease, and diabetes mellitus. The χ2 test, multiple regression, and logistic regression were conducted to analyze research data.
Results. According to the findings of factors associated with dietary behaviors by conducting χ2 test, age is related to health dietary problems; gender and income condition are related to dietary habits; residence districts and nutrition knowledge are both related to six food group intake condition and dietary habits. Results of multiple regression analysis have shown that, those who are female, being higher aged, having higher Body Mass Index, having more health dietary problems, not having intake six food groups everyday, and having better dietary habits, are more likely to have chronic diseases. Results of logistic regression analyses have shown that, those who aged 70 to 74 and 80 or higher, and having higher body mass index, are more likely to have hypertension; those who are female, having heart disease, are more likely to have joint and bone diseases; those who having more health dietary problems, and having joint and bone disease, are more likely to have heart diseases; those who having better dietary habits, and having eyes diseases, are more likely to have diabetes mellitus.
Discussion. The association between nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors has been found out in this study. However, the longitudinal study is recommended to explore the impact of nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors on chronic diseases in the future. Regarding elderly, more and appropriate education of nutrition knowledge is needed to help them become healthier.

並列關鍵字

community elderly ； Body Mass Index ； dietary behaviors ； chronic diseases

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