第15屆世界盃足球賽優秀球隊防守技戰術之研究

本文旨在探索分析世界盃足球賽防守技術、戰術的發展趨勢，以提供國內足壇專家、教練同好們研究和訓練參考之用。是以 1994年第15屆世界盃足球賽前八名優秀球隊48場的防守情況為研究對象，採用目測記錄方式對比賽中防守技術運用的情況進行統計。研究結果發現：一、整體防守穩定堅固，兼具攻擊性及防禦性，是防守戰術整體發展的趨勢。盯人與局部防守中的搶奪能力，是提高整體防守的重要手段。個人的防守能力有提高整體防守質量的基礎。區域結合盯人的原則，是不變的定律，必將持續穩定的發展。二、不同實力的球隊，採取不同的防守戰術，防守反擊戰術和爭奪中前場的防守戰術，都已進一步臻於完善。三、巴西雙中衛打法的再現，會引起各國重視，自由中衛的打法有待改進。四、對重點人物的防守和防反擊的能力有待提高。五、防守技戰術的訓練，必須考慮國際上一些新規則的變化，如“裁判對規則執法更嚴、背後鏟球、背後犯規以及紅黃牌的嚴格執行等都有待重新予以重視。

關鍵字

搶球；截球；鏟球；爭頭頂球

並列摘要

This paper studied the defensive tactics of eight top teams in 48 qualifying matches leading of the 15th World Cup football game in 1994. This study was conducted by repeated actual visual observation of the defensive skills demonstrated in the matches. The findings of the study were as follows: I. The ability to mark and tackle opponents was essential to strengthen the overall defensive performance of a team. Individual players’ defensive skills contributed to the defensive tactics of the whole team. Besides, area defense combined with marking opponents was a tactic which will continue to be adopted. 2. Teams of varying performance skills adopted different defensive tactics; defensive tactics of counter-offensive and in vying for center forward position had been greatly improved. 3. The re-appearance of the Brazilian formation of two halfbacks had caught the attention of other teams, while the formation of free halfbacks needed improving. 4. Tackling tactics against top opponent players and counter offensive skills had yet to be strengthened. 5. Training in defensive tactics and strategies had to take into consideration changes in the rules of the sport; stricter enforcement of the rules by referees governing sliding tackle from behind, fouling from behind and showing of red and yellow cards were worthy of note.